Neobehaviorism - Lesson 13

Edwin Ray Guthrie

Known For: One-Trial Learning Theory.

One-Trial Learning Theory; Guthrie

Learning occurs in one exposure (not repeated practice).

Law of Contiguity

Learning happens when a stimulus and response occur close in time.

Acts vs. Movements

Acts = complex behaviors, movements = simple responses.

Recency Principle

Behavior is repeated if it was the most recent successful action.

Principle of Association - Guthrie

Any stimulus that accompanies a behavior or immediately precedes it by less than half a second becomes a cue for that specific behavior

Clark Leonard Hull

Known For: Drive Reduction Theory; Hypothetico-Deductive Model.

Drive Theory

Learning is based on habit formation via reinforcement.

Drive

Internal state triggered by need (e.g., hunger).

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Edward Tolman

Known For: Purposive Behaviorism.

Purposive Behaviorism; Tolman

Behavior is goal-directed (not just stimulus-response).

Intervening Variables

Unseen processes (e.g., expectations) between stimulus and behavior.

Rodent Maze; Tolman

Hypothesis

Vicarious Trial and Error

Expectancy

Belief

Cognitive Map

Vicarious Trial and Error

Animals consider options before acting.

B.F. Skinner

Known For: Radical Behaviorism, Operant Conditioning.

Operant Conditioning (Skinner from the Skinner box)

Behavior modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Schedules of Reinforcement

Skinner

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Neobehaviorism Ideology

Influenced by: Positivism and Logical Positivism.

Neobehaviorism

Focus on emphasized objective data, minimized

speculation, and found application.