BIOL 1406 LAB Unit 8 Review

Recall the balanced equation for cellular respiration

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ —→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)

Recall the reactants and products of the process of cellular respiration

1. Glucose and Oxygen are reactants.

2. Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Energy are the products

Identify examples of organisms that perform cellular respiration

Animals, fungi, plants, protists, and prokaryotes

Recall the organelle in which most of cellular respiration reactions take place in

The mitochondrion

Explain how carbon dioxide reacts w/ water and how it changes the pH and hydrogen ion concentration of the water

Carbon dioxide reacts w/ water molecules forming carbonic acid, which quickly dissociates to release hydrogen ions and the bicarbonate ion. The increase in hydrogen ions increases the acidity of the water

Describe the independent and dependent variables in the exercise/cellular respiration experiment

1. Independent variables = CO₂ (our breath and exercises)

2. Dependent variables = The water and pH

Recall the balanced equation for photosynthesis

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (light) —→ C₆H₁₂O₆

Recall the reactants and products of the process of photosynthesis

1. Carbon dioxide, water, and energy are the reactants

2. Glucose and oxygen are the products

Give examples of organisms that perform photosynthesis

Plants, photoautotrophs, some bacteria, algae, and protists

Recall the organelle in which the reactions of photosynthesis take place in

Chloroplast

Define a photoautotroph

Organisms that produce their own organic molecules using light energy, not only as a source of food but also for the oxygen in our atmosphere.

Explain what phenol red is and why/how was it used

1. It is a ph indicator

2. Phenol red changes color based on the pH it is exposed

Describe how the color of this phenol red changes in response to pH changes and changes CO₂ levels

• Yellow: Acidic pH (more CO₂, more H⁺ ions).

• Red: Neutral pH (balanced CO₂ and H⁺).

• Pink/Magenta: Basic pH (less CO₂, fewer H⁺ ions).

Explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis are interconnected in an ecosystem

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a cyclical relationship in ecosystems, with photosynthesis producing the energy-rich molecules and oxygen needed for cellular respiration, and cellular respiration releasing the byproducts (CO₂ and H₂O) that photosynthesis requires.

Explain the procedure of how the spinach leaf disk experiment was conducted, including:
a. The source of CO₂ as a reactant of photosynthesis

b. The independent and dependent variables in your experiment

c. The reason why some leaf disks were floating and why some were not

d. The contents of the bubbles causing some disks to float at the end of the experiment

Define wavelength and pigment

1. Wavelength refers to the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs of a wave, often measured in meters, nanometers (nm), or other units depending on the type of wave.

2. Chlorophyll is the primary pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. It absorbs light primarily in the blue and red wavelengths and reflects green, which is why plants appear green.