Chapter 11

Coarticulation

Making one movement in a way that anticipates future movements or is influenced by a past movement.

Orthographic processing

The visual aspect of letter processing, recognizing the linguistic meaning of a visual symbol.

Speech stream

Refers to spoken speech emphasizing its continuous nature, despite being perceived as composed of individual words.

Mondegreens

Errors in segmentation of phonemes into words, often arising from misheard song lyrics.

Homonyms

Words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings.

Categorical perception

The phenomenon where people do not perceive slight variations in how phonemes are pronounced.

Phoneme restoration effect

The process by which poorly produced phonemes are inferred or 'restored' based on context.

McGurk effect

An effect showing that both visual and auditory information are used in phoneme perception.

Lexicon

A mental dictionary containing representations of all known words, including pronunciation and part of speech.

Lexical decision task

A task in which participants determine whether a string of letters is a word, influenced by semantic priming.

Semantic priming

The effect of performance being biased by exposure to previously viewed semantically related words.

Dual route models of reading

Models proposing two mechanisms for reading: one matching spelling with lexicon and the other translating letters to sounds.

Acquired dyslexia

Dyslexia that occurs due to brain damage in individuals who could read prior to the injury.

Surface dyslexia

A condition where patients can read nonwords but struggle with irregular words.

Phonological dyslexia

A condition where patients can read regular and irregular words but cannot read nonwords.

Sentence parser

The psychological mechanism that derives phrase structures from sentences.

Garden path sentence

A sentence that misleads the reader's cognitive system, requiring reanalysis of the phrase structure.

Key word

A word that provides a reliable cue for phrase structure organization.

Principle of minimal attachment

The idea that the parser favors adding phrases to existing nodes rather than creating new ones.

Surface code

The first level of representation capturing the exact words in the order they appear in the text.

Textbase

A deeper representation of a text that captures explicitly stated logical and causal relationships.

Proposition

The most basic unit of meaning with truth value, representing causes, events, and objects.

Situation model

A representation integrating information from the text and prior knowledge about the situation described.