Hobbs western civ unit 4

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edward gibbon

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edward gibbon

wrote Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

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Edward gibbon believed rome fell because

loss of civic virtue, too much diversity(most emperors born outside rome) and too christian(pessimistic and reliant on mercanaries

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constantine

First Christian emperor of Rome

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what did constantine do

he made the edict of milan, moved the capital, oversaw the council of nicea

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edict of milan

outlawed persecution of christians

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where did the roman capital move?

rome to byzantium(constantinople)now istanbul

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jesus of nazareth

spoke the gospels, descendant of abraham and david

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muhammad

wrote the koran and started islam

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Was Muhammad successful at first trying to convert the people of Mecca?

no, only had 14 followers after 3 years

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simon

jesus named him peter

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peter

the rock upon jesus would build his church

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what did peter believe before the conference of jerusalem

That christianity was a continuation of judaism

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Why wasn't peters idea of christianity successful?

Men didn't want to be circumsized.

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saul of tarsus was renamed-

Paul

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road to damascus

paul's conversion to christianity

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what was paul's idea of christianity?

It was not a continuation of judaism, rather something new. This was the more successful school of thought that ultimately won at the conference of jerusalem.

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Montanus

2nd century church leader whose views on the outpouring of the Holy Spirit through trances leading to prophetic utterances about the return of Christ and the establishment of a New Jerusalem led to a heretical ascetic set that was condemned by the church. two girls who spoke in tongues(priscilla and maxima)

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Arius

bishop of alexandria, thought the father came before the sun

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Council of nicea

makes the trinity Orthodox

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St. Augustine of hippo

Author of confessions

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City of god by St. Augustine of Hippo

dealt with Donitism, Trinity ,Evil ,Just War, Original sin, and Free will (Gods will=Good, Free will=Evil)

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Ali

cousin and son in law of muhammad, last of the 4 rightly guided caliphs.

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The twelve

the 12 Imams, ali is the first. The 12th is still in occultation and will return when islam has conquered the world.

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dhimmi

Non-Muslim under Islamic rule; protected and restricted

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jihad

A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal/holy war

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jizya

head tax/Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire

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kaaba

The most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca

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naskh

the method of interpreting seemingly contradictory material within or between the Qur'an and the Sunnah

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salaf

first three generations of Muslims/muhammad and his followers

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sharia

Body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life

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surah

A chapter of the Qur'an(koran, in mr hobbs writing)

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ummah

The collective community of Islamic peoples, which is thought to transcend ethnic and political boundaries.

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caliph

A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government

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catholic

universal

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twelvers

Shi'ite sect that believes there are 12 Imams, and that the final one, the Mahdi, will come back

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orthodox

in agreement with established or generally accepted beliefs or ways of doing things

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heresy

an opinion different from accepted belief; the denial of an idea that is generally held sacred

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shira/does hobbs mean sharia??

20% of the muslim community

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hajj

A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims

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germanii

a goth tribe on the danube

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5 pillars of islam

belief, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage

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Four Rightly Guided Caliphs

Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali

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