Airway and Oxygen Management Lecture Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering basic and advanced airway management, oxygen delivery devices, and suctioning techniques based on the lecture transcript.

Alkalization of Blood

A result of over-bagging a patient which prevents oxygen from releasing from hemoglobin by shifting the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left.

Oxygen Paradox

The concept that supplemental oxygen can be harmful to some patient populations based on their underlying condition and oxygen saturations.

High Flow Nasal Cannula

A separate device from a standard cannula that requires oxygen to be warmed and humidified while providing much higher liter flows.

O-ring

The washer on an oxygen regulator that is the most common cause of leaks on a cylinder.

PIN System

A safety design for medical oxygen regulators that ensures they only fit medical oxygen tanks and not cylinders containing other gases.

Duration of Flow Formula

A calculation used to find remaining oxygen minutes: $\text{Conversion Factor} \times \text{Remaining PSI} / \text{Liter Flow}$.

D Tank Conversion Factor

The specific constant used in the duration of flow formula for D-sized oxygen cylinders, which is $0.16$.

Simple Face Mask

An oxygen delivery device that provides up to $60\%$ oxygen and requires a minimum flow of $6\,L/min$ to wash out $CO_2$.

Non-rebreather Mask

A device using one-way valves between the mask and reservoir bag to deliver oxygen concentrations approaching $100\%$, typically run at $12$ to $15\,L/min$.

Venturi Mask

A mask that delivers precise oxygen percentages by using the Venturi effect to mix room air through side vents.

Laryngectomy

A surgical removal of the larynx that requires a patient to be ventilated through the stoma because there is no longer a connection between the nose/mouth and the airway.

Infant BVM Bags

Resuscitation bags that are generally not recommended because they are often too small for full-term neonates and can cause gas to be blasted too quickly.

PEEP

Standing for Positive End Expiratory Pressure, it provides back pressure at the end of exhalation to keep the alveoli inflated and recruit collapsed or atelectatic alveoli.

Pop-off Valve

A safety valve on some pediatric BVMs set at $40\,cm\,H_2O$ that can prevent adequate ventilation in patients with poor lung compliance.

Modified Jaw Thrust

An airway opening maneuver for suspected cervical injuries performed by lifting at the temporomandibular joint and pushing down on the chin with the thumbs.

DuCanto Catheter

A large-bore suction catheter designed to remove large chunks and commonly used in the SALAD technique.

SALAD Technique

Standing for Suction Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination, it is an approach used to manage a heavily soiled airway during intubation.

Salem Sump

A standard nasogastric ($NG$) tube that includes a side vent for decompressing gas out of the stomach.

NPA Measurement

Sized by measuring from the tip of the nose to the angle of the jaw or the tragus of the ear.

OPA Measurement

Sized by measuring from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw.

Eyelash Flick

A clinical test used to determine if a patient has a gag reflex; if the patient does not flinch when the eyelashes are flicked, the reflex is likely absent.

CPAP

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; a form of non-invasive pressure support that delivers constant positive pressure during both inspiration and expiration.

APE

Acute Pulmonary Edema; a condition where fluid shifts into the alveoli due to left ventricle failure, often characterized by high work of breathing.

16 French Whistle Tip

The standard size of a soft suction catheter used for an adult with a $7.5$ or $8.0\,mm$ endotracheal tube, occupying approximately half of the tube's internal diameter.

BiPAP

Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure; a device that provides a higher pressure during inspiration ($IPAP$) and a lower pressure during expiration ($EPAP$).