GT | ID 2241 MODULE 1.1

Venus of Willendorf

Lascaux Caves – Hall of the Bulls

Lascaux Caves – Wounded Man

Pech-Merle – Spotted Horses

Le Tuc d’Audoubert – Two Bisons

Jericho – Great Stone Tower

Jericho – Skull

Çatalhöyük – Deer Hunt

Çatalhöyük – Landscape with Volcanic Eruption

Çatalhöyük – Seated Goddess

Stonehenge

White Temple, Uruk

Ziggurat, Ur

Female Head (Inanna?), Uruk

Statuettes from the Square Temple at Eshnunna

Standard of Ur – “Scenes of War”

Standard of Ur – “Celebration of Victory”

Bull-Headed Lyre, Ur

Head of an Akkadian Ruler, Nineveh

Victory Stele of Naram-Sin

Stele of Hammurabi

Lion Gate, Boğazköy (Hattusha)

Citadel of Sargon II, Khorsabad

Lamassu (in the Citadel of Sargon)

“Banqueting Scene,” Ashurnasirpal II

“Ashurnasirpal Hunting Lions”

Ishtar Gate

Apadana - Palace of Darius I and Xerxes, Persepolis

Ziggurat

A massive stepped Mesopotamian structure with a temple or shrine at the top.

Bent-axis approach

An architectural plan in which the entrance and sacred space are not aligned in a straight line, requiring visitors to turn.

Registers

Horizontal bands used to organize figures or scenes into separate levels.

Profile

A view of a figure from the side.

Frontal

A view of a figure facing directly toward the viewer.

Composite

A representation that combines different viewpoints of a figure in one image.

Cuneiform system

An ancient writing system made by pressing wedge-shaped marks into clay.

Value perspective

A system in which more important figures are shown larger than less important figures.

Composite form

A figure or creature that combines features from different beings or forms.

Personification

Representing an abstract idea, object, or force as a human figure or with human qualities.

Zoomorphism

Representing something with animal characteristics or in animal form.

Heraldic composition

A symmetrical composition arranged around a central figure or object.

Lost-wax process of bronze casting

A method in which a wax model is covered with a mold, melted out, and replaced with molten bronze.

Stele

An upright stone slab or pillar decorated with inscriptions, images, or both.

Guardian figure

A protective supernatural or symbolic figure placed at an entrance or important location.

Lamassu

An Assyrian guardian creature combining a human head, wings, and the body of a bull or lion.

Processional way

A ceremonial pathway designed for religious or royal processions.

Apadana

A large Persian royal audience hall used for ceremonies and receiving visitors or delegations.

Propaganda

Art or imagery created to promote the power, authority, or achievements of a ruler or government.

Overlapping

Placing one figure partly over another to create the impression of depth or space.

Totem (totemic)

A sacred animal, plant, or object that represents or is spiritually associated with a particular group or community.

Fetish (fetishistic)

An object believed to possess special supernatural power or significance.

Shaman

A religious specialist believed to communicate with the spirit world.

Schema

A simplified or conventional way of representing something rather than depicting it realistically.

Agglutinative planning

An architectural approach in which separate spaces or structures are added together in an irregular, connected arrangement.

Terracotta

A clay material that is shaped and fired to create sculptures or objects.

Shaft grave

A deep, vertical burial chamber dug into the ground for placing the dead and their grave goods.

Megalith (megalithic)

A large stone used to construct a prehistoric monument or structure.

Dolmen

A prehistoric stone tomb made of large upright stones supporting a horizontal capstone.

Post-and-lintel construction

A building system in which vertical posts support a horizontal beam or stone called a lintel.

Tenon/mortise connection

A construction method in which a projecting piece called a tenon fits into a corresponding hole called a mortise.

Henge

A prehistoric circular or oval monument consisting primarily of an earthwork bank and ditch, sometimes containing stones or timber structures.