Principles of Human Physiology: The Endocrine System

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the endocrine system and its role in energy metabolism, as discussed in the lecture.

Insulin

A peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that promotes glucose uptake by body cells.

Glucagon

A hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that works to increase blood glucose levels during the postabsorptive state.

Postabsorptive state

The metabolic state following the absorption of nutrients, characterized by the body relying on stored energy.

Absorptive state

The metabolic state during which the nutrients from food are being absorbed and utilized for energy and storage.

Glycogenesis

The process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells.

Glycogenolysis

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose to be used for energy.

Gluconeogenesis

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, primarily in the liver.

Lipolysis

The breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol for energy.

Hormonal regulation

The process by which hormones control metabolic pathways, including the actions of insulin and glucagon.

Sympathetic nervous system

Part of the autonomic nervous system that often prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, increasing energy metabolism.