[BIO 120.3] Group 7 - Dengue and Rabies

Flavivirus

From what family is the Dengue virus from?

Spherical shaped, Icosahedral shaped casing

What is the viral and icosahedral shape of the dengue virus?

4 Dengue Serotypes

How many serotypes does the dengue virus have?

3 structural proteins, 7 non structural proteins

How many proteins does the dengue virus have in terms of its categories?

Envelope (E), Membrane (M), Capsid (C)

What are the 3 structural proteins of dengue virus?

Replicating viral genome, Inhibiting immune response

The 7 non structural proteins contained by dengue virus helps in what 2 functions?

E Protein

What protein binds the dengue virus to the target cell through endocytosis?

Dendritic Cell

What is the usual target cell of the dengue virus?

Non structural proteins, Host cell’s endoplasmic reticulum

What are two structures that aid the dengue virus replication?

E, PrM

What proteins are inactivated at first when dengue virus replicates?

Cytoplasm

For dengue virus, what is the site of RNA replication?

Negative Sense

What is the sense of the template strand for replication in dengue virus?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Where are the viral components of dengue virus assembled?

Golgi apparatus

Where is the newly formed dengue virus transported to for maturation?

Modifies E protein structure, Furin cleaves Pr from M

What happens to the dengue virus in the Golgi apparatus?

Female Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito

What is the vector for the transmission of Dengue virus?

Midgut cells, Salivary glands

What parts of the mosquito does the dengue virus replicate in?

TRUE

T/F: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have a strong preference for biting humans over other organisms

FALSE

T/F: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus generally likes biting mammals, and hence can transfer the dengue virus to other species aside from humans

Febrile Phase, Critical Phase, Recovery Phase

What are the 3 phases of Dengue Viral Infection?

Febrile Phase

Phase of DENV that is characterized by sudden onset of a high grade fever, along with maculopapular rash and + tourniquet test result and GI symptoms

3-7 days

How long does the Febrile phase of DENV last?

Transient macular or maculopapular rash

What kind of rash can be observed in dengue patients in the febrile phase?

Critical Phase

Phase of DENV that is characterized by rapid decline in platelet count and elevated hematocrit levels

Occurs around time of defervescence (3-7 days of infection), lasts for 24-48 hours

When does the critical phase of DENV occur? How long does it last?

TRUE

T/F: In the critical phase of DENV, there is a rapid decline in platelet count and elevated hematocrit levels

FALSE

T/F: In the critical phase of DENV, there is a rapid increase in platelet count and decreased hematocrit levels

FALSE

T/F: In the febrile phase of DENV, there is a rapid decline in platelet count and elevated hematocrit levels

Systemic Vascular Leakage Syndrome

The critical phase of DENV is important to monitor as it can develop into ___.

2-4 days

How long does the recovery phase of DENV last?

Pruritic rash

What kind of rash can we observe during 1-2 days of defervescence in the recovery phase of DENV?

Search and Destroy
Seek Early Consultation
Self Protection Measures
Say Yes to Fogging Only During Outbreaks

What are the 4S of the National Dengue Prevention and Control Program?

Fluid Replacement Therapy

For Dengue hemorrhagic fever, what is given as a treatment?

TRUE

T/F: There are no antiviral drug therapies for Dengue Virus

FALSE

T/F: QDenga is an antiviral drug therapy against Dengue Virus

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

What is given to manage the symptoms of dengue virus?

TRUE

T/F: NSAIDs like ibuprofen and aspirin are avoided for Dengue Virus

FALSE

T/F: NSAIDs like ibuprofen and aspirin are encouraged for Dengue Virus

DEET, Picaridin, IR3525

Effective mosquito repellents include what components?

QDenga

Vaccine administered to 6-16 years old in areas with high transmission of Dengue

Rabies

Virus with a general structure that resembles a bullet

Inner nucleocapsid core, Outer membrane with glycoprotein spikes

Describe the core and outer membrane of rabies virus

5 proteins

The nuclear code of rabies only encodes for how many proteins?

RNP Complex: L, N, NS/P'; Membrane: G, M

What are the 5 proteins encoded for by the Rabies Nuclear Code?

M Protein

Rabies Protein: Ensures proper structural formation of the membrane of the virus, and is responsible for the bullet shape of the pathogen

M Protein

Rabies Protein: Suppresses host cell functions

G Proteins

Rabies Protein: Help facilitate endocytosis and binding to neuron microtubules

L Protein

Rabies Protein: Primary RNA transcription protein in charge of replicating the viral RNA

L protein

Rabies Protein: Usually forms a complex with NS/P protein

NS/P Protein

Rabies Protein: Ensures that there is no immune response from the body while in infected host cell

N Protein

Rabies Protein: Ensure proper folding of newly produced proteins after translation

Neuromuscular Joint

Rabies Life Cycle: After contact - through a bite, virus cells invade the surrounding tissue and infect neurons through the ____

Glycoproteins

Rabies Life Cycle: ___ bind to cell neuron microtubules to help the virus travel through the axon and into the cell core.

RNP Complex

Rabies Life Cycle: ____ translates the genome to form the five proteins, which begin to perform key functions by interacting with host structures.

Cell Apoptosis

What process is suppressed during rabies viral cell production?

Anti-genome

Rabies Life Cycle: The RNP complex forms an ___, which acts as a template for RNA replication

M and G protein

Rabies Life Cycle: New RNP Complex and RNA are packaged in new ____ before expulsion from the cell

TRUE

T/F: Rabies symptoms only develop when the virus reaches the brain

FALSE

T/F: Rabies symptoms already develop as the virus travels toward the brain

Salivary Gland

Where does the rabies virus gather during the development of symptoms?

Saliva (through bites, scratches, or direct contact with mucosa)

Rabies spreads to people and animals via ___

Protective Medium

The saliva serves as __ for the rabies virus

TRUE

T/F: The rabies virus traverses towards the nervous system rather than the bloodstream

FALSE

T/F: The rabies virus traverses both the nervous system and bloodstream

Bats, Racoons, Foxes, Skunks

What are the 4 common animal carriers of rabies?

TRUE

T/F: Aside from bites, rabies can also be transmitted via a non-bite exposure

FALSE

T/F: Rabies virus is only transmitted through bites

Virus containing aerosols, Consumption of raw meat or milk of infected animals, Organ transplantation

What are 3 other ways to expose yourself to rabies virus without biting by an infected animal?

2-3 months

How long is the usual incubation period of rabies virus?

TRUE

T/F: Incubation period of rabies virus becomes shorter when the person is bitten close to the CNS

FALSE

T/F: Incubation period of rabies virus is not affected by the location of the bite

Tingling, pricking, or burning sensation at wound site

Aside from flu-like symptoms, what is another clinical finding for rabies infection

Furious Rabies, Paralytic Rabies

What are 2 types of rabies clinical findings?

Furious Rabies

Rabies CF: Hyperactivity, excitable behavior, hallucinations, lack of coordination, hydrophobia & aerophobia

Furious Rabies

Rabies CF: Death occurs due to cardio-respiratory arrest

Paralytic Rabies

Rabies CF: Less dramatic and occurs longer

Paralytic Rabies

Rabies CF: Muscles slowly become paralyzed, a coma develops, and then, death occurs

TRUE

T/F: Even if there is no effective treatment against rabies, vaccines and rabies immune globulin (RIG) can inhibit virus replication

FALSE

T/F: Rabies vaccines and rabies immune globulin (RIG) serve as effective treatments against rabies infections

Rabies Immune Globulin

Fast-acting injection given near the rabies bite site, (if not vaccinated before)

4 shots over 14 days (if not vaccinated before)
2 shots within 3 days (if vaccinated before)

What should be the # of shots for how many days for rabies vaccinations if:
a. not vaccinated before
b. vaccinated before

Active Immunization

Rabies Immunization Type: Works by producing antibody and T cells

7-10 days after vaccination

How long does it take before immune response is activated by active rabies immunization?

Purified Free Cell Rabies Vaccine (PVRV)
Purified Duck Embryo Vaccine (PDEV)
Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine (PCECV)

What are the 3 types of anti-rabies in the PH?

TRUE

T/F: Rabies Immunoglobulin is a type of passive immunization

FALSE

T/F: Rabies Immunoglobulin is a type of active immunization

Human Rabies Immunoglobulin (HRIG)
Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin (ERIG)

What are 2 types of RIG?

Pre-exposure prophylaxis

What kind of prophylaxis is given for high-risk individuals such as veterinarians and researchers?

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

What kind of prophylaxis is given to those who are bitten by potentially rabid animals?