Understanding Terrorism: Key Concepts and Responses

Terrorism

The use of violence or threat of violence, often against civilians, to achieve political, ideological, or religious aims.

Notable terrorist organisations

Al-Qaeda and ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria).

War on Terror

A global military campaign launched by the U.S. post-9/11 to eliminate terrorism, especially in the Middle East.

Main causes of terrorism

Political oppression and ideological extremism.

Social media's role in radicalisation

It enables the spread of extremist propaganda and facilitates recruitment by creating echo chambers.

Impact of terrorism on society

Increased security measures and public fear, often leading to cultural tension.

Humanitarian NGO

A non-governmental organisation providing aid and relief in crises; e.g., the Red Cross.

Ontological insecurity

A psychological state where individuals feel a loss of identity and safety due to terror threats.

9/11 attacks

On Sept 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda hijacked planes, attacking the U.S. The response included the War on Terror and invasion of Afghanistan.

Impacts of terrorism on society

Erosion of civil liberties and rise in xenophobia.

Government methods to combat terrorism

Intelligence sharing and surveillance laws.

Perception of terrorism

Some see it as ideological warfare; others as criminal acts; perceptions vary by culture, media, and political bias.

Unfolding of the War on Terror

Initiated after 9/11, it involved military interventions (Afghanistan, Iraq), legislative changes, and global alliances to dismantle terrorist networks.

Controversy of foreign intervention in counter-terrorism

It can lead to prolonged conflicts, civilian casualties, and destabilisation, sometimes fueling further extremism.

Role of propaganda in terrorism

It spreads ideology, recruits members, and manipulates public sentiment.

What do NGOs do to counter terrorism

NGOs provide humanitarian aid, deradicalisation programs, and challenge state-centric solutions, offering a more human-rights-focused approach.