AP Biology Unit 4: Cell Communication & Cell Cycle Practice Test (Multiple Choice)

1. Hydrophobic ligands cross the cellular membrane to use what kind of receptor?

a. Intracellular receptors (cytoplasmic receptors)

b. Extracellular receptors (cell surface receptors)

c. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)

d. Ligand-gated ion channels

e. Enzyme-linked receptor

A

2. Hydrophilic ligands do not cross the cellular membrane and end up using what kind of receptor?

a. Intracellular receptors (cytoplasmic receptors)

b. Extracellular receptors (cell surface receptors)

c. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)

d. Ligand-gated ion channels

e. Enzyme-linked receptor

B

3. Maintaining homeostasis is...

a. The tendency to maintain a fixed constant external environment

b.. The tendency to maintain a stable, relatively constant external environment

c. The tendency to maintain a fixed constant internal environment

d. The tendency to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment

e. The tendency to maintain a high rate of body metabolism

D

4. Thermoregulation is an example of a negative feedback mechanism because...

a. When your body temperature increases (as in a fever), the body metabolizes to increase your body temperature to kill off diseases

b. When your body temperature increases or decreases, the body metabolizes to return body temperature to normal

c. When your body temperature decreases (as in a cold environment), the body metabolizes to decreases your body temperature to conserve energy for later usage

d. When your body temperature increases or decreases, the body metabolizes to increase or decrease your body temperature (respectively) in order to kill off diseases or to conserve energy for later usage (respectively).

e. None of the above

B

5. Which of the following processes is a positive feedback mechanism?

a. Temperature regulation

b. Blood pressure regulation

c. Blood sugar regulation

d. Thyroid regulation

e. Blood clotting

E

6. Why are so few processes positive feedback mechanisms?

a. Positive feedback mechanisms can be dangerous or fatal since they draw the body into unnatural situations

b. Positive feedback mechanisms can be dangerous or fatal since it weakens the body and decreases metabolism rate

c. Positive feedback mechanisms increase the original stimulus to push the variable farther, which can be unstable and if left unchecked can be dangerous or fatal

d. Positive feedback mechanisms decrease the original stimulus to push the variable farther, which can be unstable and if left unchecked can be dangerous or fatal

e. The statement is false; there are more positive feedback mechanisms in our body than negative feedback mechanisms

C

7. Where is the hypothalamus located and what does it do?

a. Heart; maintain body temperature

b. Heart; maintain heart and breathing rate

c. Brain; maintain body temperature

d. Brain; maintain heart and breathing rate

e. None of the above

C

8. Humans sweat in order to...

a. Increase body temperature

b. Decrease body temperature

c. Increase heart rate

d. Decrease heart rate

e. None of the above

B

Questions 9-10 - Refer to the following list of processes.

I. Gap 1

II. Synthesis

III. Gap 2

IV. Mitosis

V. Cytokinesis

9. Which of the processes above compresses of Interphase?

a. I, II

b. I, III

c. IV, V

d. I, II, III

e. III, IV, V

D

Questions 9-10 - Refer to the following list of processes.

I. Gap 1

II. Synthesis

III. Gap 2

IV. Mitosis

V. Cytokinesis

10. Which of the processes above compresses of M-Phase?

a. I, II

b. I, III

c. IV, V

d. I, II, III

e. III, IV, V

C

11. Meiosis produces cells that are all *except* which of the following?

a. Haploid

b. Somatic

c. Sex

d. Gametes

e. Haploid spores

B

12. If a parent cell has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have at the end of the cell cycle (the cell undergoes mitosis)?

a. 5

b. 10

c. 20

d. 50

e. 80

C

13. Which of the following processes take roughly 90-95% of the time of cellular division?

a. Interphase

b. Mitosis

c. Cytokinesis

d. All of the above each take roughly the same amount of time

e. None of the above participate in cellular division

A

14. The genetic material of the daughter cells (after mitosis) is...

a. Often mutated

b. Often longer than the parent's cell genetic material

c. Similar to the parent cell's genetic material

d. Identical to the parent cell's genetic material

e. Not at all alike to the parent cell's genetic material

D

15. Which of the following is the correct order of mitosis?

a. Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

b. Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase → Prophase

c. Anaphase → Telophase → Metaphase → Prophase

d. Prophase → Anaphase → Telophase → Metaphase

e. Telophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Prophase

A

16. How is cellular division different in animal cells and plant cells?

a. In animal cells, a cell wall separates the two new cells. In plant cells, the cytoplasm splits

b. In animal cells, the cytoplasm splits. In plant cells, a cell wall separates the two new cells

c. In animal cells, the chromosomes of the daughter cells are half of the chromosomes of the parent cells. In plant cells, the chromosomes of the daughter cells are equal to the chromosomes of the parent cells.

d. In animal cells, the chromosomes of the daughter cells are equal to the chromosomes of the parent cells. In plant cells, the chromosomes of the daughter cells are half of the chromosomes of the parent cells.

e. None of the above

B

17. Which of the following processes of mitosis is *not* correct?

a. Prophase → Two chromosomes of DNA is formed, the nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers start to form, centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell

b. Metaphase → Spindle fibers move the chromosomes to the center of the cell

c. Anaphase → Spindle fibers pull the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell, spindle fibers lengthen which causes the cell to elongate

d. Telophase → Nuclear envelopes are made, two new nuclei forms, furrow begins to form across the midline of parent cell

e. None of the above

E

18. Which of the following is *not* a purpose of mitosis?

a. Repair body cells

b. Growth

c. Replacing dead cells

d. Making gametes

e. None of the above

D

19. A particular slide of cells is observed under a microscope. The scientist observes 278 cells in mitosis and 785 cells in total. Calculate the mitotic index (in terms of percentage).

a. 5%

b. 13%

c. 21%

d. 30%

e. 35%

E

20. How many checkpoints are there in cellular division?

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. 3

e. 4

D

21. Describe G0.

a. State in which cells are multiplying quickly

b. State in which cells are multiplying at regular rate

c. State in which cells are not multiplying at all

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

C

22. Which of the following types of cells is in G0 for most of human adult life?

a. Skin

b. Spindle Cord

c. Heart

d. Liver

e. None of the above

B

23. Cancer cells do *not* perform which of the following?

a. Apoptosis

b. Cellular division

c. Cellular division checkpoints

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

A

24. What does the G2 checkpoint check for?

a. Cell size, nutrients, molecular signals, DNA integrity

b. DNA integrity, DNA replication

c. Spindle checkpoint

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

B

25. What happens to telomeres after cellular division?

a. It gets bigger

b. It gets smaller

c. It stays the same size

d. It varies (all of the above)

e. Telomeres are not a part of cellular division

B

26. A karyogram showcases what?

a. List of mutations

b. List of diseases

c. The number of cells

d. List of chromosome pairs

e. None of the above

D

27. The overproduction of cyclin causes...

a. Cell division to not check for certain conditions at checkpoints

b. Mass cell apoptosis

c. A decrease in cell division rate

d. More controlled cell division rate (regular cell division rate)

e. Uncontrolled cell division rate, causing cancer

E

28. P53 does what?

a. Increase cell division rate

b. Decrease cell division rate

c. Regulates cell division rate (normal cell division rate)

d. Signals the cell to continue the cell cycle

e. Signals the cell to stop the cell cycle

E

29. Proto-oncogenes help keep what in control?

Hint: The mutated gene of proto-oncogenes (oncogenes) is the cancer version of proto-oncogenes

a. Chromosomes

b. Spindle fibers

c. The cell cycle

d. Cytokinesis

e. Mitosis

C

30. Kinases are proteins that control the cell cycle. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) tells the cell to __________ the cell cycle and Maturation-Promoting Factor (MPFs) tells/promotes the cell to __________ M phase

a. Stop, enter

b. Stop, leave

c. Continue, enter

d. Continue, leave

e. None of the above

C