HIS 007: REVIEWER EXAM

Mandated by Law, Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law), encourages youth participation in notion-building.

Why study Rizal?

"The youth is the hope of the fatherland"

-Rizal emphasized the role of young people in shaping the notion.

Republic Act No. 1425 (Rizal Law)

●Mandates the study of Rizal's life, works, and writings in public and private schools, colleges and universities to educate students about the concept of nationalism.

●aims to promote nationalism and love for country

●ensures that Rizal's contributions are honored and remembered by future generations.

June 12, 1956 or Independence Day

Date bill approved Rizal Law when the pressing clamor for national identity and nationalism was in dire need.

year 1950s

●enacted in a period of political instability and communist

threats

●response to mass youth recruitment into communist movements to counter the appeal of communism and instill nationalism

●strengthened Filipino nationalism to protect democracy

and national identity, desire to bring back the ideals of patriotism and nationalism

Senator Claro M. Recto

authored Senate Bill 438 (Rizal Bill) that soon became RA 1425

Catholic Church

opposed the mandatory reading of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as it concerned Rizal's criticism of the clergy would undermine religious faith.

Content of novels- Critics feared students would develop negative perceptions of religion.

Final version of Rizal Law

●included provision allowing students to be exempted from reading the novels on religious grounds.

●Teachers were given flexibility in how they taught Rizal's

works, allowing for broader interpretations.

President Ramon Magsaysay

On Jun 12, 1956. The bill was signed into law by ___ giving birth to Republic Act 1425 or the Rizal Law.

Rizal Law, also known as RA 1425

is a Philippine law that requires all schools in the Philippines both public and private to offer courses on the life, works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal.

Republic Act 1425, Section 1

- Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private.

Republic Act 1425, Section 2

- It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number

of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal's other works and biography.

Republic Act 1425, Section 3

-The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects.

Republic Act 1425, Section 4

-Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers and other persons engaged in any public school.

Republic Act 1425, Section 5

-The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act.

19th Century (June 19, 1861)

Rizal was born in the ____ , a time marked by colonial oppression, social injustice, and political turmoil.

struggle for independence

He grew up amidst the Philippines' ________ and the shifting social, economic, and political landscape of the time

powerful steam engines

19th century saw a boom in European industry thanks to ___

19th Century

●era of challenges and responses period of major challenges that affect man and society

●Age of Enlightenment

●During this time, the natives of the Philippines were slowly realizing the need to awaken their national consciousness.

●The industrial revolution was taking place

●new modes of production, transportation and communication were introduced

●This transformation of the economy and society resulted in new forms of work and leisure, as well as urbanization and the growth of cities.

● During Rizal's time, there were widespread calls for democracy

Spanish Colonial rule

continuation of harsh treatment for the Filipino people

Spanish colonial government

rife with problems. Frequent changes in leadership and internal conflicts in Spain directly affected the Philippines.

Brown Filipinos

were often treated unfairly and justice was costly, partial, and slow.

Merit was not based on one's capabilities or qualifications but on wealth, race, and connections with influential people.

Colonial government

was primarily interested in exploiting the country's natural resources and labor for the benefit of Spain.

Manila-Acapulco Trade (Galleon Trade)

When the Spanish Crown arrived, they monopolized Manila ports, closing them to all but Mexico, gaining exclusive control over the trade route and goods. Hence, the birth of the __________

Industrial Revolution.

The end of the Galleon Trade prompted Spain to open the Philippines to world commerce in 1834, seeking new commercial opportunities created by the _____

Power of the friars (frailocracy)

further oppresed the Filipinos, lack of representation in the Spanish Cortes meant that the Filipino people had no voice in their own government.

Suez Canal

-built to connect Europe and Asia directly, shortening travel times.

-brought Filipinos closer to Europe

- allowed Filipino elites, or Illustrados to send their children to European Universities.

30 days

Using Suez Canal, the travel time from Spain dropped from over two months to just _____

supplier of raw materials

The Philippines became a ____ for the industries of the West by utilizing its underutilized land resources to venture into cash crop agriculture.

Suez Canal

When the was constructed, it shortened travel between Europe and the Philippines, enabling more intensive crop production and boosting commercial enterprises.

Industrial Revolution

The ____ fueled rapid Philippine economic growth in the 19th Century, creating a rich and influential Filipino middle class.

- Rise of the Ilustrados

- Development of Nationalist Sentiments

19th Century Cultural Condition

● Emergence of a Filipino Identity:

- Dominance of Catholicism

19th Century Cultural Condition

● Religion:

- Controlled by the church and was limited to the elite.

19th Century Cultural Condition

● Education:

- Hierarchical Society.

19th Century Cultural Condition

● Social Structure and Customs:

Propaganda Movement

They formed ____ to expose the Philippines plight and pressure Spain for change.

Filipino Illustrados

they learned about revolutions in other countries and began to yearn for the similar freedoms.

Principalia

19th Century period also saw the rise of a middle class, the ______

Friar

who owned the land often exploited the tenants by raising rents and taxes.

June 19, 1861

Jose Rizal was born on ____ between 11:00 pm and midnight in Calamba, Laguna to a wealthy family.

Large head

Rizal's ____ at birth nearly cost his mother, Teodora Alonzo, her life.

"muy bonito" (very beautiful).

This challenging birth made his family see him as special, earning him the nickname _____

inquilino

Rizal's father, Francisco, was an _____ , leasing a large plot from the Dominican Friars. Rizal's family was among Calamba's most affluent families.

José Rizal's ancestry

blended Chinese, Spanish, Japanese, and Filipino heritage.

Domingo Lamco.

His paternal lineage traced back to Chinese immigrant, ______ Married Ines de la Rosa, a Chinese-Filipino Christian. Their son is Francisco Mercado (Rizal's Father) who pursued education in Latin and Philosophy.

Eugenio Ursua

While his mother, Teodora Alonzo, descended from Japanese ancestor _______ and the noble Lakandula family.

His father, Francisco Mercado, overcame early hardships to study Latin and Philosophy before marrying Teodora

in 1848

1848

Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo date of marriage.

13-member family

Jose Rizal came from a _____ consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother.

FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898)

Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13 offspring of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818; studied in San Jose College, Manila; and died in Manila.

TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913)

Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business-minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-working and well-read. She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila.

SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)

Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.

PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)

Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution.

NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939)

The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician.

OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)

The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth.

LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)

The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa.

MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)

The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.

JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)

The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30, 1896.

CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865)

The eight child. Died at the age of three.

JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)

The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster.

TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)

The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die.

SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)

The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero.

Enlightenment of the Educated Class

Filipinos who received higher education were increasingly exposed to liberal ideas and critical thinking .

International Political Events

The French Revolution, the clash between Conservative and Liberal governments in Europe, and revolutions in Latin American colonies all served as sources of inspiration for those seeking change in the Philippines.

private tutor

Rizal's family thrived in Calamba, enjoying a comfortable life and prioritizing his education. Their wealth allowed him a ______ nurturing his intellect and shaping his future as a reform advocate.

nursemaid ("aya")

José Rizal's childhood was filled with warmth, love, and

early intellectual curiosity. His ______ entertained him with

folklore. (aswang, nuno, tikbalang)

small nipa cottage

while his father's orchard and At 3, he received a special gift ______, which he became his sanctuary.

Concha

he experienced early sorrow when his sister _____ passed away.

By age three, he had already learned to read and write under his mother's guidance.

The Tale of the Moth: A Metaphor for Rizal's Fate

One evening, Rizal's mother told him the ______ drawn

to a fatal flame. This story foreshadowed his own fate—pursuing reform for the Philippines despite the dangers, ultimately leading to his execution.

Leon Monroy

His father hired tutors, including _____ , who taught him Spanish and Latin before passing away. He died after 5 months of tutoring.

1869, at eight years old

In ____, at ___ years old, Rizal left home for Biñan to continue his education, though he initially struggled with

homesickness. Accompanied by his brother Paciano 1 and half hour carromata ride to Binan and felt homesick at Aunt Isabel's house.

Maestro Justiniano Cruz

At eight, José Rizal studied under _____ in Biñan. Described as tall and thin with a sharp nose, the strict teacher enforced discipline through rewards and punishments.

"um poco" (a little)

On his first day in class, Rizal hesitantly answered his teacher (Maestro Cruz) in Spanish, realizing the need for preparation. Despite strict discipline and corporal punishment, he later saw these challenges as motivation to excel.

Diary: Lesson learned rather than number of beatings endured.

arm-wrestling

Pedro

Beyond academics, Rizal faced bullying from a classmate, Using ____ skills taught by his uncle, he defeated _____ and gained his peers' respect, showcasing his resilience and strength.

Rizal's memoirs

describe his structured daily life in Biñan—attending mass, studying, sharing meals, and playing with cousins. He

ends with gratitude for his good health despite being away from his parents.

Maestro Justiniano Cruz's strict methods

Despite disapproving of ____ later in life, Rizal gained discipline that aided his studies. He excelled in Latin grammar and, under old Juancho's guidance, honed his artistic talent.

Chapel of the Virgin of Peace, in Antipolo

In December 1870, Rizal prepared to return to Calamba. He visited the _____ , collected river stones as mementos, and crafted paper fish. Saying farewell to Biñan was bittersweet, blending excitement and nostalgia.

steamer Talim

On a Saturday afternoon, December 17, 1870, the ______ brought him back to Calamba. As he reached home at one

o'clock, the long period of homesickness finally came to an end. He was embraced by the warmth and love of his family.

Privileged Upbringing

Rizal's mixed heritage and principalia status gave him

access to quality education and social influence.

Ilustrado Values

His family nurtured ideals of liberalism, Catholic faith, and

reform, shaping his worldview.

Path to Reform

His background empowered him to study in Europe and

become a voice for change, ultimately leading to his national heroism.

Ateneo Municipal

founded in 1865, was known for its exceptional Jesuit education.

- he used his second surname due to family concerns.

Manuel Burgos

Jose Rizal initially faced enrollment challenges in Ateneo due to late registration and his age but was admitted with ______ help.

Father Jose Bech

He was Rizal's first instructor in Ateneo

Francisco de Paula Sanchez

inspired Rizal's academic and literary passions.

Father Jose Vilaclara

discouraged Rizal from writing. Despite the discouragement, Rizal continued to write in secret.

The Jesuit system in Ateneo

offered a well-rounded education, emphasizing:

•Discipline and Religion: Strict rules and religious instruction aimed to shape students' character.

•Physical and Intellectual Development: Physical culture,

humanities, and scientific studies were all part of the

curriculum, with even vocational courses available

• Qualified Faculty: Renowned professors

further enhanced the

college's reputation.

Jesuit System in Ateneo

A unique system divided classes into competing "empires" (Roman and Carthaginian). Students earned ranks like "Emperor" based on academic performance, which fueled rizal's drive to excel.

Segunda Katigbak

a wealthy young woman from Lipa.

• Met Jose Rizal in Manila when she was 14 and he was 16.

• Rizal expressed his feelings through poems and sketches.

• She eventually married Manuel Luz, leaving Rizal with a bittersweet memory of his first love.

Philosophy and Letters

Enrollment at UST (April 1877, Age 16) - Initially pursued _____ and ______ due to uncertainty and his father's preference.

Father Pablo Ramon

In UST, Guidance from _____ - Sought advice but received a delayed response. Completed first-year subjects in Cosmology, Metaphysics, and Philosophy

History.

Shift to Medicine (1878-1879)

In UST, Motivated by his mother's failing eyesight, later confirmed by Father Ramon's advice.

Dual Studies

While studying medicine, also took a vocational course in surveying (perito agrimensor), highlighting his diverse

academic interests.

"Miss L"

Shortly after his heartbreak with Segunda Katigbak, Rizal courted a young woman in Calamba simply referred to as ____ in his memoirs. Details are scarce, but their connection fizzled out after a few visits.

Leonor Valenzuela

Love Letters in Disguise: During his second year at UST,

Rizal admired _____, his neighbor's daughter.

He impressed her with magic tricks and love letters written in invisible ink. However, their relationship never led to marriage, unlike his earlier romance with Segunda Katigbak.

Leonor Rivera

During his UST years, Rizal's most significant romance was with his cousin, _____ They met in 1879, and their deep love was kept secret through letters, with ____ signing as "Taimis." Their relationship continued despite Rizal's departure for Europe, but his nationalist ideals led him to

end it, fearing for her safety, resulting in a painful separation.

La Juventud Filipina,

El Consejo de los Dioses

Literary Recognition: Despite personal setbacks, Rizal gained recognition through his writing. He won a literary contest with A_______, inspiring Filipinos to embrace their

potential.

His ______ allegorical play, also earned critical acclaim, establishing him as a rising literary voice and a champion of Filipino identity.

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda

Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Y Alonzo Realonda

RIZAL'S FULL NAME

22 languages

How many languages does Rizal can speak fluently?