ASVAB

In the combustion chamber the air-fuel mixture is delivered by a(n) __________ valve.

intake

A __________ cylinder design places cylinders flat facing each other with the crankshaft between them.

exhaust

The __________ regulates the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves in each cylinder in time with the motion of the piston.

camshaft

The crankshaft converts the __________ motion of the piston into the __________ motion that's used to power the vehicle and its components.

reciprocating, rotational

A __________ cylinder design is common in six and eight cylinder engines and features one cylinder head per block of cylinders oriented at a 60 to 90 degree angle to each other.

v-type

Piston __________ seal the piston to the cylinder to contain combustion gases and also regulate the oil distribution between the piston and cylinder wall.

rings

Smaller engines in front-wheel drive vehicles often use an __________ cylinder design.

inline

The camshaft is linked to the crankshaft through a __________ and regulates the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves in each cylinder in time with the motion of the piston.

timing belt

Combustion requires the presence of __________, __________ and a heat source. 

air, fuel

A cylinder head closes in the top of the cylinder forming the combustion chamber which is sealed by a __________.

head gasket

An engine with __________ camshaft has two camshafts, one to regulate the intake valves and one to regulate the exhaust valves.

double overhead

The __________ is the large casing that contains the cylinders and many of the internal components of the engine.

engine block

A __________ cylinder design places cylinders flat facing each other with the crankshaft between them.

horizontal/opposed

A __________ employs a wrist pin to link each piston to the engine's crankshaft.

connecting rod

A cylinder __________ closes in the top of the cylinder forming the combustion chamber.

head

Cylinders act as a guide for the __________ that translate the heat energy of combustion into the mechanical energy necessary to move a vehicle.

pistons

The __________ converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion that's used to power the vehicle and its components.

crankshaft

If the piston is at the top of the cylinder head it is at __________ center.

top dead

The__________ stroke is the final stroke of the four-stroke piston cycle.

exhaust

During the __________ stroke, both intake and exhaust valves are closed as the piston begins moving back up from the bottom of the cylinder.

compression

The spark plug fires and ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture during the __________ stroke.

power

The four-stroke piston cycle of internal combustion engines starts with the piston at top of the cylinder head during the __________ stroke.

intake

The stroke cycle of an engine is governed by the __________ which regulates the firing order of the cylinders.

crankshaft

Ignition timing is measured in number of __________ before top dead center (BTDC).

degrees

Too much fuel in the air-fuel mixture results in a __________ mixture that burns quicker and cooler.

rich

The __________defines the proper ratio of air to fuel necessary so that an engine burns all fuel with no excess air.

stoichiometric ratio

If combustion is initiated by a source other than the spark plug __________ results.

pre-ignition

In combustion, __________ results if the air-fuel mixture explodes instead of burning.

detonation

Too much air results in a __________ air-fuel mixture that burns more slowly and hotter.

lean

Ignition timing is __________ (the spark plugs fire a few more degrees BTDC) when the engine is running faster and __________ when it's running slower.

advanced, retarded

A radiator __________ maintains pressure in the cooling system to increase the boiling point of the coolant mixture and thus allow it to absorb more heat.

cap

Modern car engines are cooled by liquid which circulates through the engine block and cylinder heads absorbing excess heat. This liquid is made up of half water and half __________.

antifreeze

The thermostat controls coolant temperature by regulating its flow through the __________.

radiator

A __________ is a coolant-filled casing that allows heat transfer from the engine block and cylinder heads to the liquid coolant.

water jacket

The water pump is driven by a belt connected to the __________ and ensures that coolant moves through the engine and radiator.

crankshaft

The radiator is responsible for transferring heat from the coolant to __________.

outside air

A __________ routes coolant past the radiator and directly to the water pump when its temperature is low enough that the thermostat is closed.

bypass tube

The oil pump is driven by the camshaft and is responsible for pumping oil through the __________ that run throughout the engine.

oil galleries

Viscosity is rated using the format XW-XX with the number preceding the W rating the oil’s viscosity at __________ ℉ and the XX indicating viscosity at __________ ℃.

0, 100

The oil __________ contains the engine oil reservoir of from four to six quarts of oil.

pan

The oil pressure __________ prevents excessive pressure from building up in the lubrication system.

relief valve

The lubrication system lubricates engine components by putting a(n) __________ between them to reduce friction and smooth engine operation.

oil film

An oil __________ floats at the top of the oil in the oil pan and screens debris from the oil before feeding it to the oil pump.

strainer

Engines require oil blends with different __________ and additives depending on their operating conditions.

viscosity

The intake __________ removes any airborne contaminants before the air enters the engine.

air filter

The __________ sprays fuel into the air stream that's being fed into the cylinder head via the intake valve.

fuel injector

The electric __________ feeds pressurized fuel through a fuel filter to the fuel injectors via the fuel rail manifold.

fuel pump

The __________ which ensures that the fuel injectors receive fuel at a consistent and known rate.

fuel pressure regulator

The __________ distributes outside air to the intake ports on the cylinder heads.

intake manifold

The fuel injector timing and amount of fuel are regulated by the __________ which is the main computer that controls engine and transmission functions.

powertrain control module (PCM)

The ignition coil is made up of two coils of wire, the __________ coil and the __________ coil.

primary, secondary

The __________ supplies the power necessary to start the engine when the ignition switch is is turned on.

battery

The __________ is a high-voltage transformer made up of two coils of wire.

ignition coil

__________ receive current from the distributor and use it to start combustion in the combustion chamber of a cylinder.

spark plugs

In the ignition coil, a current flows from the battery through the primary coil winding which creates a changing magnetic field inside the secondary coil which induces a very high-voltage __________ which it feeds to the distributor.

current

The __________ contains a rotor that connects the ignition coil (and its high voltage) to the proper cylinder at the proper point in the stroke cycle.

distributor cap

The __________ is driven by the engine's camshaft and is responsible for timing the spark and distributing it to the correct cylinder.

distributor

The __________ is the final exit point for exhaust gas from the vehicle.

exhaust pipe

The __________ follows the catalytic converter and absorbs sound to help quiet load exhaust.

muffler

Specially tuned exhaust manifolds called __________ deliver higher performance but are more expensive and less durable.

header pipes

The __________ converts pollutants in exhaust gas into substances like carbon dioxide and water.

catalytic converter

The cast iron __________ collect engine exhaust gas from multiple cylinder exhaust valves and deliver it to the exhaust pipe.

exhaust manifolds

The vehicle's lighting system is protected from current spikes by __________ and circuit breakers.

fuses

The cylindrical __________ is a relay that safely connects the high amperage battery to the starter motor when the ignition key is turned.

solenoid

The alternator is driven by the engine's crankshaft and produces alternating current (AC) which is then fed through a __________ to convert it to the direct current (DC) required by the electrical system.

rectifier bridge

The __________ battery is the core of the vehicle electrical system.

lead-acid

A __________ controls the output of the alternator to maintain a consistent voltage in the electrical system regardless of load.

voltage regulator

Once the engine is running, the __________ provides electrical current to recharge the battery and power the electrical system.

alternator

__________ provide the data necessary for the vehicle's computer to make decisions and monitor everything from simple vehicle information like tire pressure to complexities like the chemical content of an engine's exhaust.

sensors

__________ is another name for the powertrain control module (PCM).

engine control unit (ECU)

__________ receive signals from the PCM and carry out adjustments needed based on the data the PCM received from the sensors.

actuators

The transmission provides the appropriate power to vehicle wheels to maintain a given __________.

speed

The engine and the transmission have to be disconnected to shift gears and a manual transmission requires the driver to manually manage this disconnection using a __________.

clutch

__________ joints are located at both ends of a half shaft and their purpose is to transfer the torque from the transmission to the drive wheels at a constant speed while accommodating the up and down movement of the suspension.

constant velocity (CV)

A(n) __________ is a drive axle that extends from a transaxle or differential to one of the drive wheels.

half shaft

A __________ is a transmission that incorporates the differential in one package.

transaxle

__________ joints are located at each end of a drive shaft and allow the shaft to operate at a variable angle with the item it is driving.

universal

A __________ is designed to drive a pair of wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds.

differential

Most rear-wheel drive cars use a transmission and separate differential connected via a __________.

drive shaft

The __________ splits engine power delivered by the drive shaft between the two drive wheels.

drive axle

The __________ splits engine power between the front and rear axles of four-wheel drive vehicles.

transfer case

The inner CV joint connects the shaft to the __________ and the outer CV joint connects the shaft to the __________.

Transmission, wheel

The __________ is the mounting point for the wheel and tire assembly.

wheel hub

The wheel hub can rotate while being held stable by the __________ which applies the motion of the control arms to the wheels.

steering knuckle

The steering __________ is a system of pivots and connecting parts between the steering gear and the control arms.

linkage

Control arms connect to the frame using __________.

bushings

Because a compressed spring will ex­tend violently, __________ must be used to dampen suspension spring’s compression and extension cycles.

shock absorbers

Suspension __________ are made with wide gap coils of rigid steel cable and both hold the vehicle chassis up off the ground and absorb energy from wheel movement making for a smoother ride.

springs

The __________ transfers the motion of the steering gear output shaft to the steering arms that turn the wheels.

steering linkage

Independent suspension offers much better handling and stability when compared to a(n) __________ suspension at the cost of being structurally weaker and more costly to maintain.

rigid axle

Control arms connect to the wheels through __________ which allow the control arms to turn and move up and down simultaneously.

ball joints

Suspension springs are made with wide gap coils of rigid __________ cable.

steel

__________ combine the suspension spring and shock absorber into one unit

struts

__________ (upper and lower) connect a vehicle's suspension to the frame.

control arms

Independent suspension allows each of the wheels on an axle to move __________ in response to road level variations.

independently

The __________ cylinder converts pressure on the brake pedal to hydraulic pressure in the brake lines.

master

Disc brakes operate by pinching a rotating disc between two brake __________.

pads

Power brakes multiply the force a driver applies to the brake pedal using a __________ connected to the engine intake manifold.

vacuum booster

__________ use speed sensors and adjust the brake pressure at each wheel to prevent skidding and allow the driver more steering control in slippery conditions.

antilock brakes (ABS)

Drum brakes operate using internal pistons that expand and push brake __________ outward into contact with the brake drum.

shoes