Honors Physical Science Finals

For Mr. Axelbands classes (other classes may differ)

Force

Any push or pull which causes an object to move or change its speed or direction

Unit for Force

Newton (N)

Balanced Force

When an object does not experience a change in its velocity (is either at rest or has a constant velocity)

Unbalanced Force

When an object experiences a change in velocity and accelerates, resulting in a net force

Net Force

The combination of all forces acting on an object

Contact Force

Forces that are exerted on objects when they touch

Noncontact Force

Forces that are exerted on objects without touching

Friction (Definition)

A force that two objects exert on each other when they rub against each other

Static Friction

A force that acts on objects that are not moving (therefore requiring more force to start motion)

Sliding Friction

A force that occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other

Rolling Friction

A force that occurs when a solid object rolls on another solid object

Fluid Friction

A force that opposes an objects motion through a fluid

Gravity (definition)

A force that attracts all masses to all masses

Acceleration due to gravity on earth

9.8m/s²

Weight

The force of gravity on a person or object on the surface of a planet

Mass

The amount of matter in an object

Weight (formula)

Mass x gravity

Newton’s universal law of gravity

Every object in the universe exerts a gravitational attraction to all other objects in the universe

Friction Force

F_f

Gravitational Force

F_g

Normal Force

F_N

Tension Force

F_T

Applied Force

F_a

Air Force (Resistance)

F_air

Electrostatic Force

F_e

Magnetic Force

F_M

Formula for Force

Mass x acceleration

Newton’s First Law

An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton’s Second Law

F=ma

Newton’s Third Law

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Requirement to be free falling

The object must not encounter air resistance

Free falling velocity (formula)

Final velocity = acceleration due to gravity x time in free fall

Distance traveled by an object in free fall (formula)

distance = 0.5 x acceleration due to gravity x time in free fall²

Static friction (formula)

F_fs=μ_sf_N where F_fs= force of static friction, μ_s= coefficient of static friction, and F_N= magnitude of normal force

Kinetic friction (formula)

F_fk=μ_kf_N where F_fk=force of kinetic friction, μ_k=coefficient of kinetic friction, and F_N=magnitude of normal force

Work (definition)

Force applied through a distance

Work (formula)

Force x distance

Unit for energy

Joule (J)

Kinetic energy (definition)

Energy from the motion of an object

Kinetic energy (formula)

0.5mv²

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) (definition)

Energy that is stored due to the gravitational forces between objects

GPE Formula

Mass x gravity x height

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed—it can only be transformed from one form to another

Mechanical energy (ME) (definition)

The sum of kinetic and potential energy of the objects in a system

Power (formula)

Work/time

Power (definition)

The rate at which work is done

Acceleration in a negative direction (distance/time)

Deceleration in a negative direction (distance/time)

Constant velocity in a negative direction (distance/time)

Deceleration in a positive direction (distance/time)

Acceleration in a positive direction (distance/time)

Constant velocity in a positive direction (distance/time)

Constant velocity in a positive direction (oil drop)

Constant velocity in a positive direction (velocity/time)

Acceleration in a positive direction (oil drop)

Acceleration in a positive direction (velocity/time)

Deceleration in a positive direction (oil drop)

Deceleration in a positive direction (velocity/time)

Constant velocity in a negative direction (oil drop)

Constant velocity in a negative direction (velocity/time)

Deceleration in a negative direction (oil drop)

Deceleration in a negative direction (velocity/time)

Acceleration in a negative direction (oil drop)

Acceleration in a negative direction (velocity/time)