lab safety, symbols, and measurement

Safety Goggles

always wear to protect your eyes in any activity involving chemicals, flames, or heating, or the possibility of broken glassware

Laboratory Apron

wear to protect your skin and clothing

Breakage

handle with care; do not touch broken glassware

Heat-resistant Gloves

Use when handling hot materials; do not touch hot objects with your bare hands

Plastic Gloves

wear to protect yourself from chemicals or organism that could be harmful; keep your hands away from your face; dispose according to your teacher's instructions

Heating

use a clamp or tongs to pick up hot glassware; do not touch hot objects with your bare hands

Sharp Object

pointed-tip scissors, scalpels, knives, needles, pins, or tacks can puncture your skin; always direct a sharp point or edge away from yourself and others; use as directed

Electric Shock

avoid the possibility of it; never use equipment around water, or when equipment or your hands are wet; be sure cords are untangled and cannot trip anyone; disconnect the equipment when it is not in use

Corrosive chemical

avoid getting acids on your skin or clothing, or in your eyes; do not inhale the vapors; wash your hands when you are finished with the activity

Poison

do not let any chemical come in contact with your skin, and do not inhale its vapors; wash your hands when you are finished with the activity

Physical Safety

when an experiment involves physical activity, take precautions to avoid injuring yourself or others; follow instructions from your teacher; alert your teacher if there is any reason you should not participate in the activity

Animal Safety

treat live animals with care to avoid harming the animals or yourself; be aware of your surroundings during field investigations; working with animal parts or preserved animals also may require caution; wash your hands when you are finished

Plant Safety

handle plants only as directed by your teacher; if you are allergic to certain plants, tell your teacher before doing an activity in which plants are used; avoid touching poisonous plants or plants with thorns; wash your hands when you're finished with the activity

Flames

when working with these, tie back loose hair and clothing; follow instructions from your teacher about lighting and extinguishing these

No Flames

flammable materials may be present make sure no sparks or exposed heat sources are present

Fumes

when poisonous or unpleasant vapors are used, work in a ventilated area; avoid inhaling vapors directly; only test an odor when directed to do so by your teacher, and use a wafting motion to direct the vapor toward your nose

Disposal

chemicals, biohazardous materials, and other used materials must have this safely done to them; follow the instructions from your teacher

Hand washing

do this thoroughly with soap and warm water; lather both sides of your hands and between your fingers; rinse well

General Safety Awareness

You may see this symbol when none of the other symbols specifically apply, but some level of caution is needed; in this case, follow the specific instructions provided

Petri dish

used to transport solid chemicals to student station

Wash bottle

used to clean glassware

Forceps

used for handling metallic or crystal solids that you can't touch; holds slippery things without using your hands

Test tube brush

used for cleaning glass and ceramic ware

Chemical splash goggles

protect eyes from glass or chemicals

Tongs

used to move small glass or ceramic ware

Rubber stoppers

enclose chemicals in tubes or flasks (no stoppers) and vent tubes or flasks (1 or 2 stoppers)

Test tube rack

holds multiple test tubes for reactions

Test tube holder

transports one tube from place to place

Micropipets

dispenses liquid chemicals drop by drop into a receptacle

Scoopula

dispenses powdered chemicals

Hot plate

used for preparing hot water baths for consistent heat or experiment

Funnel

separates mixtures in conjunction with filler paper

Lab balance

used for measuring mass of substances

Thermometer

used to measure temperature in Celsius

Bunsen burner

a heat source for experiments with an open flame

Mortar and pestle

used for grinding chemical substances into powder

Crucible and cover

used for dehydrating solid chemicals or synthesizing compounds

Evaporating dish

used to evaporate liquids and leave solids behind

Watch glass

lid for evaporating dish

Ring stand

supports structure for experiment

Ring clamp

supports glassware over flames and supports filtration apparatus

Pipe stem triangle

supports funnels for filtering for dehydration

Utility clamp

supports test tubes for heat

Buret clamp

supports one or two buret for filtration

Buret

used to measure liquid volume and slowly dispense

Flask

used in gas preparation experiments for holding, containing, and collecting chemicals; three types

Erlenmeyer flask

a lab flask which features a flat bottom, conical body, and cylindrical neck

Schlenk flask

a flask used in air-sensitive chemistry that has a side arm that allows the vessel to be evacuated or filled with gases

Fernbach flask

a type of flask suited for large volume cell culture where the culture requires a large surface area to volume ratio

Beakers

used to heat, mix, and dispense liquid; not used to measure

Graduated cylinder

used to measure volume in milliliters

Plain wire gauze

used to support glass over ring

Ceramic wire gauze

used to protect table from hot glass or ceramic ware

Test tube

used to hold chemicals in small amounts for chemical reactions

Well plate

used to complete multiple scale reactions simultaneously

Lab apron

protects clothes from chemical spills

Hand lens

used to closely examine small objects that are not microscopic.

Dissecting tray

holds specimen for dissection; either silicon or asphalt

Rat tooth forceps

forceps with teeth to hold fat

Smooth forceps

forceps used to pick things up

Curved dissecting scissors

scissors used to get underneath materials

Straight dissecting scissors

scissors used for most dissections

Sharp dissecting probes

probes used to pierce material

Blunt dissecting probes

probes used to move material

Scalpel

used to cut things; always cut away from body

Try to get beam balanced with the mark by moving the weights.

How do you use a triple beam balance?

Scale

presses down on a spring

Meniscus

the curved upper surface of a liquid in a graduated cylinder

Adhesion

the way that water sticks to the sides of glass

Cohesion

the way the water wants to stick to itself, causing a dip

Culture tube

a test tube used to observe live organisms

Agar

a carb-based gel used in a culture tube to attract microorganisms.

Medicine dropper

used to drop small amounts of liquid

Glass stirring rod

used to stir liquids because glass is resistant to heat

Microscope

a device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye

Scanning, low, high, oil conversion

the 4 lenses on a microscope used to see specimens 4, 10, 40, or 100 times as large

Microscope slide

used to put specimen under a microscope; must have a cover slip

Open, standard, stemless, Buchner

types of funnels

Glass pipette

a small glass tube used to collect or add precise volumes of liquids

Transfer pipette

used to transfer, but not measure, a small volume of liquid

.6

How many kilometers in a mile?

1.6

How many miles in a kilometer?

.94

How many yards in a meter?

2.54

How many centimeters in an inch?

Meter

standard unit for measuring length

299,792,458

speed of light in meters per second

1000

How many meters in a kilometer?

100

How many centimeters in a meter?

1000

How many millimeters in a meter?

10

How many millimeters in a centimeter?

2.2

How many pounds in a kilogram?

453.6

How many grams in a pound?

28349.5

How many milligrams in an ounce?

Mass

amount of matter in an object

Gram

standard unit for measuring mass

International Prototype Kilogram

a platinum-iridium cylinder kept by the BIPM at Sevres, France to be the base kilogram

1000

How many grams in a kilogram?

1000

How many milligrams in a gram?

3.79

How many liters in a gallon?

29.5

How many milliliters in a fluid ounce?