OIA1004 TISSUES: THE LIVING FABRICS

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What are the four basic tissue types in the body?

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Biology

Cells

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1

What are the four basic tissue types in the body?

Epithelial (covering/lining), connective (support), muscle (movement), and nervous (coordination).

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2

What are the general characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Tightly packed cells with little intercellular matrix, attached to a basement membrane, non-vascular, and high mitotic rate.

<p>Tightly packed cells with little intercellular matrix, attached to a basement membrane, non-vascular, and high mitotic rate.</p>
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3

Name three functions of epithelial tissue.

Protection, secretion, and absorption.

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4

What are classifications of glandar tissues?

Simple (unbranched duct), compound (repeated branching pattern, part of secretory portion), tubular (terminal secretory portion in tube form) & acinar (terminal secretory portion in form of sac/flask like).

<p>Simple (unbranched duct), compound (repeated branching pattern, part of secretory portion), tubular (terminal secretory portion in tube form) &amp; acinar (terminal secretory portion in form of sac/flask like).</p>
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5

What are connective tissues responsible for?

Binding, anchoring, and supporting various cells, tissues, and organs.

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6

What components make up connective tissue?

Cells (e.g., fibroblasts, macrophages) and extracellular matrix (fibers like collagen, elastic, and reticular).

<p>Cells (e.g., fibroblasts, macrophages) and extracellular matrix (fibers like collagen, elastic, and reticular).</p>
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7

What is simple squamous epithelium, and where is it found?

A single layer of flat cells, found in mesothelium (external surface of digestive organs, lungs & heart) and endothelium (blood vessels). Function: filtration, diffusion, transport, secretion & reduce fiction.

<p>A single layer of flat cells, found in mesothelium (external surface of digestive organs, lungs &amp; heart) and endothelium (blood vessels).  Function: filtration, diffusion, transport, secretion &amp; reduce fiction.  </p>
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8

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Protection, transport, and absorption in excretory ducts and kidney tubules (lined w/ microvilli)

<p>Protection, transport, and absorption in excretory ducts and kidney tubules (lined w/ microvilli)</p>
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9
<p>Where is simple columnar epithelium found?</p>

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

Tall cells lining the stomach, intestines, and uterine tubes, often with microvilli or cilia.

<p>Tall cells lining the stomach, intestines, and uterine tubes, often with microvilli or cilia.</p>
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10

What is the main feature of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Single layer of cells that attach to basement membrane, not all cells reach surface. Cilliated cells interspersed among mucus-secreting cells and lines respiratory passages (e.g., trachea) & lumina of epipidymis & vas deferans.

<p>Single layer of cells that attach to basement membrane, not all cells reach surface. Cilliated cells interspersed among mucus-secreting cells and lines respiratory passages (e.g., trachea) &amp; lumina of epipidymis &amp; vas deferans. </p>
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11

How does stratified squamous epithelium differ between keratinized and non-keratinized types?

Keratinized epithelium has dead, keratin-filled surface cells (e.g., skin), while non-keratinized covers moist cavities (e.g., mouth, vagina).

<p>Keratinized epithelium has dead, keratin-filled surface cells (e.g., skin), while non-keratinized covers moist cavities (e.g., mouth, vagina).</p>
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12

What are the main features of transitional epithelium?

Lines lumina of ureters & bladder of urinary system and epithelium changes it’s shape in response to stretching due to fluid accumulation/ contraction during excretion.

<p>Lines lumina of ureters &amp; bladder of urinary system and epithelium changes it’s shape in response to stretching due to fluid accumulation/ contraction during excretion. </p>
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13

What differs between formation of exocrine and endocrine glands?

Exocrine (connecting cells persists to form duct where deepest cells become secretory) & endocrine (connecting cells disappear & deepest cells remain to secrete into capillaries).

<p>Exocrine (connecting cells persists to form duct where deepest cells become secretory) &amp; endocrine (connecting cells disappear &amp; deepest cells remain to secrete into capillaries). </p>
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14

What are types of glandar tissues?

Simple tubular (intestinal in large intestine & rectum); simple branched tubular (gastric in stomach); simple coiled tubular (sweat); compound acinar (mammary glands contains enlarged alveoli w/ excretory ducts); compound tubuloacinar (salivary)

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15

What are functions of connective tissues?

  1. binds, anchors & supports various tissues

  2. provide gel-like medium for exchange nutrient, O2 & metabolic waste

  3. protect & defend body against invasion & foreign bodies

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16

What are the two types of connective tissue proper?

Loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

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17

Where is loose connective tissue found?

Beneath epithelial layers and around blood vessels.

<p>Beneath epithelial layers and around blood vessels.</p>
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18

What is the main function of dense irregular connective tissue?

Concentrated in areas where need resistantce to forces from different directions (dermis of skin, capsules of organs).

<p>Concentrated in areas where need resistantce to forces from different directions (dermis of skin, capsules of organs).</p>
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19

What is the main function of dense regular connective tissue?

Providing tensile strength, found in tendons and ligaments.

<p>Providing tensile strength, found in tendons and ligaments.</p>
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20

What is adipose tissue, and its primary role?

A specialized loose connective tissue w/ cytoplasm & nuclei pushed off one side: for energy storage, insulation, and cushioning.

<p>A specialized loose connective tissue w/ cytoplasm &amp; nuclei pushed off one side: for energy storage, insulation, and cushioning.</p>
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21

Name the three types of cartilage.

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.

<p>Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.</p>
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22

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

At the ends of long bones, trachea, and costal cartilage.

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23

What makes elastic cartilage unique?

Its elasticity due to elastin fibers, found in the ear and epiglottis.

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24

Where is fibrocartilage located?

Intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.

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25

What is the primary function of bone tissue?

Support, protection, and storage of calcium and phosphorus.

<p>Support, protection, and storage of calcium and phosphorus.</p>
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26

What is unique about blood as connective tissue?

It has a liquid matrix (plasma) and functions in transport, defense, and homeostasis.

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27

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

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28

What is the key feature of skeletal muscle?

Voluntary control, multinucleated cells, and striations.

<p>Voluntary control, multinucleated cells, and striations.</p>
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29

How does cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle?

It has involuntary control, one or two nuclei per cell, and intercalated discs.

<p>It has involuntary control, one or two nuclei per cell, and intercalated discs.</p>
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30

Where is smooth muscle found?

In the walls of hollow organs like the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels.

<p>In the walls of hollow organs like the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels.</p>
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31

What is the function of smooth muscle?

Propelling substances through organs by rhythmic contractions.

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32

What is the primary function of nervous tissue?

Communication and coordination through electrical impulses.

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33

Name the two main cell types in nervous tissue.

Neurons (transmit signals) and glial cells (support neurons).

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34

What is the role of myelinating glial cells in the CNS and PNS?

Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS; Schwann cells in the PNS.

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35

What is the function of astrocytes?

Formation of the blood-brain barrier and nutrient support for neurons.

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36

Where is ependymal tissue found?

Lining the ventricular cavities and central canal of the spinal cord.

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