Unit 2 Cofactors

Transketolase (used in PPP to turn R5P to GA3P) requires

Thiamine

Methyl malonyl coa mutase (used on odd chain fatty acid oxidation) requires

Vitamin B12

Propionyl coa carboxylase (used in odd chain fatty acid oxidation) requires

Biotin

Acetyl COA carboxylase (used in fatty acid synthesis) requires

Biotin

Pyruvate carboxylase (used in gluconeogenesis) requires

ATP, Biotin, CO2 (ABCs)

(Avidin, a protein found in raw egg whites, can cause nutritional deficiency of biotin, inhibiting pyruvate carboxylase)

α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (used in TCA) requires

Thiamine, lipoic acid

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) requires

CoA, NAD+, FAD+, lipoic acid, and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). (Acronym: Tender Love and Care For Nancy)