part 2 of final study guide bio

what did grffith study in his transfromation expiremnt

he did the experiment on mice and it was the phenom of bacteria transifring genetic material from dead to living cells.

• What is Chargaff’s rule?

adenine goes woth thymine and cytosine woth guamine

What did Avery, McCarty and Macleod study?

they did an experiment and through the proxess of elimination and use of enzymes they determined the following was gentitec material which is nucleic acids. The transforming princple that dna is gentic material not protein

what did hershey and chase study

they used a virus phage to lay to rest what genetic material is if it was dna or protein and if it was passed on from generations

Who are Watson and Crick?

they are scientist who are well known for their discovery of the structure of dna

What enzymes direct DNA synthesis

 helicase, single stranded binding protein, RNA polymerase (primer), DNA, Polymerase III, DNA ligase, and lastly DNA Polymerse 1.

what does helicase do

unwinds the protein

what does single stranded binding proetin do

they stabilize unwounded parental dna and make sure the dna strands are separated.

what does RNA polymerse (primer) do

instead of using dna primer they now use rna primer it also adds complementary bases and uses uracil instead of thymine and goes from the 5 to3 direction.

what does DNA polymerase III do

continues to add complementary bases but this has a strand that is leading and continues and has a lagging strand with okazki fragments

what does DNA ligase do

now uses dna instead of rna and it puts the okazaki fragments together and fills in any gaps

what does DNA polymerse one do

uses DNA instead of RNA and goes back to using thymine instead of urcill

what are ozaki fragmets

short newly synthesized dna fragments created on the lagging strand of dna during dna replication. they are formed in dna polymerase and can only be syntehsized in the 5-3 direction