Bio - Biological molecules

Flashcards about biological molecules: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

What are the three types of Carbohydrates?

Simple sugars, double sugars and complex carbohydrates

What are examples of single sugars?

Glucose and fructose

What is the difference between double sugars and complex carbohydrates?

Double sugars are formed when only two molecules of single sugar are joined together, while complex carbohydrates are formed when many molecules of single sugar are joined together.

What are examples of double sugars?

Maltose and sucrose

What enzyme can split maltose into two glucose molecules?

maltase.

What test is used to detect reducing sugars?

Benedict’s Test.

What colour(s) does the solution in the Benedict's Test turn to that indicates the presence of reducing sugars?

green, yellow, or red.

State the large molecules synthesised from glucose? *(Complex carbohydrates)*

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen.

State the large molecules synthesised from amino acids.

Polypeptides and proteins.

State the large molecule synthesised from fatty acids and glycerol.

Lipids, such as fats

What are the functions of Carbohydrates?

Immediate source of energy for cell activities, form supporting structures such as cell wall, form nucleic acids such as DNA

What test is used to detect starch?

Iodine Test.

What indicates the presence of starch in the Iodine Test?

The iodine solution turns from brown to blue-black.

What are the components of a fat molecule?

Glycerol and fatty acid chains.

What are the main roles of fats?

Long-term storage of energy and insulating material to prevent excessive heat loss

What test is used to detect fats?

Ethanol emulsion test.

What indicates the presence of fats in the ethanol emulsion test?

A white emulsion is formed.

What are the components of an amino acid?

An amino group, an acid group, and a side chain.

What joins up amino acids to form a polypeptide chain?

Peptide bonds.

What are the main roles of proteins?

Synthesises new cytoplasm for growth and repair of worn out cells

What test is used to detect proteins?

Biuret test.

What indicates the presence of proteins in the Biuret test?

A violet solution is formed.