Civil Rights & Liberties: Supreme Court Cases

These flashcards cover significant Supreme Court cases related to civil rights and liberties, summarizing key decisions and their impacts.

Barron v. Baltimore

The 1833 Supreme Court decision holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states.

Gitlow v. New York

The 1925 Supreme Court decision that established selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights, protecting freedoms of press and speech under the Fourteenth Amendment.

Lemon v. Kurtzman

The 1971 Supreme Court decision establishing that aid to church-related schools must serve a secular purpose, have a primary effect that does not advance or inhibit religion, and not create excessive government entanglement.

Engel v. Vitale

The 1962 Supreme Court decision holding that state officials violated the First Amendment by composing a prayer for recitation in schools.

School District of Abington Township v. Schempp

The 1963 Supreme Court decision ruling that a Pennsylvania law requiring Bible reading in schools violated the establishment clause of the First Amendment.

Near v. Minnesota

The 1931 Supreme Court decision holding that the First Amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint.

Schenck v. United States

The 1919 Supreme Court decision upholding the conviction of a socialist urging resistance to the draft, establishing that speech can be limited if it poses a clear and present danger.

Roth v. United States

The 1957 Supreme Court decision ruling that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment.

Miller v. California

The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that community standards should determine if material is obscene based on appealing to a prurient interest.

New York Times v. Sullivan

The 1964 Supreme Court decision establishing that public figures must prove actual malice to win libel suits.

Texas v. Johnson

The 1989 Supreme Court decision that struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag as protected symbolic speech.

Zurcher v. Stanford Daily

The 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper without violating the First Amendment.

Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo

The 1974 Supreme Court case ruling that a state could not force a newspaper to publish replies from criticized candidates.

NAACP v. Alabama

The 1958 Supreme Court decision ruling that the right to assemble meant Alabama could not require the NAACP to reveal its membership list.

Mapp v. Ohio

The 1961 Supreme Court decision ruling that the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures is applicable to the states.

Miranda v. Arizona

The 1966 Supreme Court decision that set guidelines for police questioning of accused persons to protect against self-incrimination.

Gideon v. Wainwright

The 1963 Supreme Court decision stating that the accused in a felony case has a right to a lawyer, regardless of financial status.

Roe v. Wade

The 1973 Supreme Court decision declaring state bans on all abortions unconstitutional, regulating them by trimesters.

Brown v. Board of Education

The landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring school segregation unconstitutional.

Loving v. Virginia

The 1967 Supreme Court decision that invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.

Korematsu v. United States

The 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Obergefell v. Hodges

The 2015 Supreme Court ruling that guaranteed the fundamental right to marry for same-sex couples.