unit 4 mcq practice apush

Thomas Jefferson

Elected in 1800; emphasized agrarianism, limited government, and republican values

Revolution of 1800 [TAB] Peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans

Judicial Review [TAB] Established by Marbury v. Madison; allows Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional

Marbury v. Madison [TAB] 1803 case that established judicial review

Louisiana Purchase [TAB] 1803 land deal doubling U.S. territory; bought from France under Jefferson

Lewis and Clark Expedition [TAB] Explored Louisiana Territory; mapped land and established Native relations

Embargo Act of 1807 [TAB] Jefferson’s ban on foreign trade to avoid war; hurt U.S. economy

Non-Intercourse Act [TAB] Replaced Embargo Act; allowed trade with all nations except Britain and France

Macon’s Bill No. 2 [TAB] Reopened trade with Britain and France; promised to stop trading with one if the other respected U.S. neutrality

War Hawks [TAB] Congressmen who pushed for war with Britain in 1812; included Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

War of 1812 [TAB] Conflict with Britain over trade and impressment; boosted nationalism

Battle of New Orleans [TAB] Major U.S. victory in War of 1812; occurred after peace treaty was signed

Treaty of Ghent [TAB] Ended War of 1812; restored pre-war boundaries

Hartford Convention [TAB] Federalist meeting opposing War of 1812; led to party’s decline

Era of Good Feelings

Period of national unity during Monroe’s presidency; one-party rule

American System [TAB] Henry Clay’s plan for economic growth: tariffs, national bank, internal improvements

Second Bank of the United States

Part of American System; stabilized currency and credit

Protective Tariff of 1816 [TAB] First tariff intended to protect U.S. industry from foreign competition

Internal Improvements [TAB] Construction of roads and canals to promote commerce and unity

Erie Canal [TAB] Connected Great Lakes to Atlantic; boosted trade and settlement

Market Revolution [TAB] Economic transformation with transportation, industrialization, and commercialization

Lowell System [TAB] Factory model employing young women; part of early industrialization

Cotton Gin [TAB] Invented by Eli Whitney; increased cotton production and slavery

McCulloch v. Maryland [TAB] 1819 case affirming federal supremacy over states

Gibbons v. Ogden

1824 case affirming federal control over interstate commerce

Missouri Compromise [TAB] 1820 agreement admitting Missouri as slave state, Maine as free; banned slavery north of 36°30′

Tallmadge Amendment [TAB] Proposed gradual emancipation in Missouri; rejected, leading to Missouri Compromise

Monroe Doctrine [TAB] 1823 policy opposing European colonization in the Americas

Panic of 1819 [TAB] Economic crisis caused by bank failures and land speculation

Election of 1824

Contested election; John Quincy Adams won through “corrupt bargain” with Henry Clay

Corrupt Bargain [TAB] Alleged deal between Adams and Clay to secure presidency in 1824

Jacksonian Democracy

Expansion of suffrage and political participation under Andrew Jackson

Spoils System [TAB] Jackson’s practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs

Indian Removal Act [TAB] 1830 law forcing Native Americans west of Mississippi River

Trail of Tears [TAB] Forced migration of Cherokee; thousands died en route

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina’s challenge to federal tariffs; resolved by compromise

Bank War

Jackson’s opposition to the Second Bank of the U.S.; led to economic instability

Specie Circular [TAB] Jackson’s order requiring land payments in gold/silver; contributed to Panic of 1837

Whig Party [TAB] Formed in opposition to Jackson; supported federal power and modernization

Second Great Awakening [TAB] Religious revival promoting reform and individual salvation

Transcendentalism [TAB] Philosophy emphasizing individualism and nature; led by Emerson and Thoreau

Temperance Movement [TAB] Reform effort to reduce alcohol consumption

Abolitionism

Movement to end slavery; led by figures like William Lloyd Garrison

Nat Turner’s Rebellion [TAB] 1831 slave uprising in Virginia; led to harsher slave laws

American Colonization Society [TAB] Founded to resettle freed slaves in Africa; created Liberia

Seneca Falls Convention [TAB] 1848 women’s rights meeting; issued Declaration of Sentiments

Cult of Domesticity [TAB] Belief that women’s role was in the home; idealized female virtue and piety

Oneida Community

Utopian society practicing communal living and complex marriage

Shakers [TAB] Utopian religious group practicing celibacy and communal living

Horace Mann [TAB] Education reformer advocating public schooling and teacher training

Dorothea Dix

Reformer for mental health and prison conditions

Frederick Douglass [TAB] Former slave and leading abolitionist; published "The North Star"

Grimké Sisters [TAB] Southern women who became prominent abolitionists and women’s rights advocates