History 1302 Giesenschlag Final Exam

John Hay

-Secretary of state

-Ambassador to Great Britain

-American statesman and official

-Newly elected by President Mckinley

-Wrote Roosevelt and told him that the Spanish American War was a "Splendid little war"

Elihu Root

-Appointed Secretary of state after the death of John Hay

-38th Secretary of state

-Went to New York University school of Law

Richard Ballinger

-Mayor of Seattle, Washington

-General land office commissioner

-U.S. Secretary of the interior

Gifford Pinchot

-First chief of the U.S. forest service

-28th Governor of Texas

-American forester and politician

Alton Parker

-American Judge

-Best known as the Democrat who lost the presidential election of 1904 to incumbent Theodore Roosevelt in a landslide

-Practiced law in NY

General William Shafter

-Union Army Officer

-Awarded the highest military decoration for his actions at the battle of fair oaks

-Major General in the Spanish-American War

Theodore Roosevelt

-Became blind in the White House, when sparing with a Navy Seaman

-Went to Harvard

-Read 2-5 books a night

-Nickname: Teddy; got this during hunting for a bear and he wouldn't shoot it because it was just dragged in front of him.

-Had a Diary

Alice Roosevelt (daughter)

-Never knew anything about her mother

-Was sent to live with her Aunt after her mother died, b/c Teddy couldn't take care of her then.

-Smoked in public, went out with men in public and had a snake in her purse.

-She told people "If you don't have anything nice to say, sit next to me"

-Just rebellious

Ted Jr. Roosevelt (son)

-Oldest son of Teddy and Edith

-Was in World War 2, directed troops to Normandy and got medal of honor

-Went to Harvard University

Edith Roosevelt (2nd Wife)

-Friends since toddlers & sweet to one another

-Edith says " In order for Theodore to be who he knew to be, Alice had to die"

-Accountant intelligent Woman

-Had 5 children

Alice Roosevelt (1st Wife)

-She was beautiful

-He dueled another person to win her

-She was like a porcelain doll on a shelf

Edith Wilson

-2nd wife of Woodrow Wilson

-She ran the executive branch through the end of his second term, b/c he had a stroke

William Taft

-27th President of the US

-10th Chief of Justice

^^The only person to hold both positions ^^

-Civilian governor of the Philippines

Charles Davenport

-An American biologist and eugenicist

-Apart of the Eugenics movement

-Went to Harvard

-Got funding for the Experimental Study of Evolution

Carrie Buck

-Low IQ

-Buck vs. Bell case

-Had kids

-Holmes said "The generations of imbeciles are enough"

Margaret Sanger

-An advocate for women reproductive rights within Eugenics

-Opened the first birth control clinic in the US

-Helped with organizations that have turned into Planned Parenthood

Eugenics

-A movement that is aimed at improving the genetic composition of the human race.

-May improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally

16th Amendment

Gives the Federal Government the right to levy income taxes. This allows the government to keep bridges, army and etc updated.

17th Amendment

The senate should be made up of two senators per each state, elected by the people.

18th Amendment

-Banned the manufacturing, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages. -It is the only amendment to ever be repealed from the constitution.

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote in 1920.

Progressivism

-(1890-1920) Started in The Progressive Era

-The term applied to a variety of responses to the economic and social problems rapid industrialization introduced to America.

Populism

-The belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government rather than a small group of political insiders or a wealthy elite.

-Not racist

Providential vs. Progress

"Mrs. Winslow's soothing syrup"

-A patent medicine supposedly compounded by Mrs. Charlotte N. Winslow

-For children teething

-Had Morphine in it

Upton Sinclair

-American Writer

-Wrote over 100 books

-Most popular book is 'The Jungle' : it was about the harsh conditions of immigrants in Chicago

-Writing during the Progressive Era, Sinclair describes the world of industrialized America from both the working man's and the industrialist's points of view

Otto Von Bismarck

-Germany would be unified as one region/state

-Served as Chancellor of Germany

Franz Ferdinand

-Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia

-Shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo

The Federal Reserve

-Its principal mission is the promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of anticompetitive business practices, such as coercive monopoly.

-Happened under Woodrow Wilson in 1913.

Federal Trade Commission

-It's mission is the promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of anticompetitive business practices, such as coercive monopoly.

-Happened under Woodrow Wilson in 1914.

Pure food and drug act

Law passed to remove harmful and misrepresented foods/drugs from the market and sale of drugs and food done with interstate trade.

Meat Inspection Act

An American law that makes it a crime to misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.

Muckraking

The action of searching out and publicizing scandalous information about famous people in an underhanded way.

William J. Bryan

-26 yrs old

-Out of congress when democrats got slaughtered

-The cross of gold speech

-Goes in a train to give speeches, to win votes

Initative

A process that enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed statutes and, in some states, constitutional amendments on the ballot.

Referendum

a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new law.

Recall

A procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official's term has ended.

William Mckinley

-25th President

-Seen war, combat and many deaths

-Didn't want to go back to war unless he had too

-Not opposed to help the Cubans

-War was the last resort

Charles Guiteau

-Nobody saw him as a leading man

-Not attractive

-Nickname: Charles get out

-Produced books and gave lectures "Handbook to the bible"

-Wanted to be ambassador for France, thought the president owed him a job for the Hancock vs. Garfield speech

-On a mission to kill the president, bought a gun, couldn't kill the president because of his wife, asked god for a sign and didn't get one.

-Went back and shot him at Baltimore and Ohio RR.

-Got hung a year after the shooting

U.S. Grant

-American soldier and statesman

-Served as Commanding General of the Army --18th President of the United States

-Held the highest positions in the military and the government of the United States.

-Great military man, terrible president

Rutherford B. Hayes

-Lived in Ohio

-Governor chair straight to the white house

-Honourable but not outstanding

-Placeholder in presidency

-Quiet

-Wife is Lucy (Lemonade Lucy)

James Garfield

-General in the army

-Ohio & Republican

-Prior to war he was a baptist minister

-He was a lawyer

-Loved to pray and preach

-After the war he didn't pray or really was into religion because he saw to much, Mark Twain said " A prayer, habit of a lifetime went out of him"

Chester Authur

-Crook

-Fired from NY customs

-President after Garfield dies

-Turned out to be honest, believed in god, relaxing and not a bad man

-Was a widow

-Died 6 months after leaving office

Grover Cleveland

-22nd & 24th President

-The only president to serve two non-consecutive terms

-American Politician & Lawyer

Benjamin Harrison

-23rd President

-American Politician & Lawyer

-Grandson of the 9th president

-First wife: Mary ; Second Wife: Caroline

Sarajevo

-Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina

-Franz Ferdinand was shot and killed here

-The spark of the World War 1 stated here

Gavril Princip

-Assassinated Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo

-A Serbian nationalist who became the starter for World War

The Trench Scene

James G. Blaine

-Secretary of state

-Who Guiteau went and told he wanted to go to France

-Told Guiteau they would look into it

-Told Guiteau that he wasn't gonna be ambassador of France or anything

Charles Darwin

-Book 'The origin of species' (1859)

-Science of where we came from

-Natural selection

Hebert Spencer

-Has a similar experience to Darwin when reads essay ' Principle of population' (1838) by Thomas Matthew

-Associated with the term "Survival of the fittest"

-Believed in Social Darwinism: meaning that you survived, no need for government and the government should do nothing for you.

William Charles Sumner

-United States Senator

-He worked hard to destroy the Confederacy, free all the slaves, and keep on good terms with Europe.

John Dewey

-American Philosopher and Educator

-Founder of a movement called 'Pragmatism'

William James

-Wife Alice

-He wrote 'The Principles of Psychology'

-Had 5 children

Crawford Toy

-General

-Studies in Berlin

-Kicked out of southern baptist convention

-Struggled with religion

Thomas Malthius

-English cleric and scholar

-He wrote a book in 1798 "An essay on the principle of population"

-Believed in a 'Utopian Society'

Gresham Machem

-Professor of the New Testament at Princeton

-American Presbyterian theologian

Lucy (Lemonade Lucy)

-Rutherford B. Hayes Wife

-She didn't believe in drinking

-Apart of the temperance movement

-"Teetotaler" -Means doesn't drink

-Banned alcohol in the white house

Populist Party

-Made up by the farmers and people from the Rural areas

-Birthed out of the central states

-Believed in Omaha Manifesto

Omaha Manifesto

Wanted:

-No private banks

-More flexible, sound and stable work hours

-Fair and liberal pensions to ex-confederates

White House during presidency of Theodore Roosevelt

-He builds the west wing and oval office during his terms

-He makes it the official "White House"

Progressive Era

The progressive era was the start to a rapid growing industrialized economy. It first rejected Social Darwism because they believed that good education, a safe environment, and efficient workplace would fix poverty, violence, greed, racism, and class warfare. There were many social reformers such as: Jane Adams, Jacob Riis, and Ida Tarbel were powerful voices. Many fought against corporate greed, immigration and unfair work environments.

Spanish-American War

-The Spanish-American War was an 1898 conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America.

"Splendid Little War"

-On April 21, 1898, the United States declared war against Spain. It would be the first overseas conflict fought by the U.S. It involved major campaigns in both Cuba and the Philippine Islands. The reasons for war were many, but there were two immediate ones: America's support the ongoing struggle by Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule, and the mysterious explosion of the battleship U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor.

https://www.nps.gov/prsf/learn/historyculture/spanish-american-war-a-splendid-little-war.htm

Woodrow Wilson

-28th President, most historians rank him as one of the top 5 president, lead America through world war 1, an advocate for democracy & world peace.

-Woodrow Wilson was a college professor, university president and democratic governor.

-Helped with the league of nations, he received the Nobel prize with peacemaking agreements

-First wife Ellen Woodrow and second wife Edith Woodrow

-Had three daughters with his first wife: Margarrt, Jessie, and Eleanor

World War 1

-Franz Ferdinand was assasinated

-Germany invaded Belgium

-Lusitana sunk with 128 americans

-Battle of Cantigny: was the americans first major offensive of the war

-Battle of Belleau Woods

-The Battle of St. Mihiel begins when 300,000 American troops under the direct command of General Pershing fling themselves into the German lines.

-An Armistice is signed ending fighting on the Western Front.

Warren Harding

Republican, 29th President of the United States, term in office was filled with Scandals (Teapot Dome Scandal).

Calvin Coolidge

Calvin "Silent Cal" Coolidge was accidently brought into office, was a master of knowing when not to act, slept a lot, spoke little, signed the Disaster Relief Aid after the Louisiana Flood.

Herbert Hoover

Was an engineer who made millions off of mines in China, fluent in Mandarin, Extremely smart, Democrat and Catholic (rare), sent to Europe after WWI to help feed the starving people, did too much during the Great Depression, completely flipped the political majority from Republican to Democrat.

Albert Fall

US Secretary of the Interior under Warren Harding, horrible Cabinet member, resigned his position in response to being exposed by the Teapot Scandal.

Harry Daugherty

Attorney General to Warren Harding also found guilty for fraud because of the Teapot Dome Scandal.

Jess W. Smith

Served as an assistant to Harry Daugherty, found guilty for relations for political scandals, committed suicide because of it.

Teapot Dome

A huge scandal during the Harding Administration, involved secret leasing of Federal oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming.

Naval Arms Limitation Treaty

There was fear that a naval arms race would lead to another war after WWI so there was a treaty to limit arms in hope to keep the peace.

Carrie Phillips

Was a mistress to President Harding, relationship was hidden from the public, blackmailed him. (Ooooof).

Nan Britton

Another mistress to President Harding. (Cheated on his wife SMDH).

Florence Harding

The actual wife to President Harding, opened the White House to the public, was a key figure in attracting positive attention for Harding, advocator for women to pursue their own careers. (She held it down).

W. Lee O'Daniel

Born from Ohio, came to Texas as a flour salesman 'Light Crust Dough' understood how to sweet talk his majority female consumer base into buying his product through the radio. (Probably went something like this: "Hey ma'am, if you wanna make a cake that looks as good as you, use Light Crust Dough" ;).

Dr. John R. Brinkley

Con man, sold fake medicine, was told that he could fix Old Man Troubles.

Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys

Musician who mixed together different kinds of styles of music such as steel guitar rags, swing, blues etc.

Milton Brown

Cofounded Western Swing Music.

Amos n Andy

A radio show which ran in 1928-1960, set in Harlem, Manhattan.

KKK

Ku Klux Klan, anti (Black, Jew, alcohol), largest eras (1920s, Civil Rights Era, Post Civil Rights Era), 3-5 million members max, believed women should dress covered. KKK was found everywhere. As fast as it rose, it fell, too violent, most members weren't fully committed.

100% Americanism

Celebrated all things American and attacked ideas that weren't American. Anti German beer and even dogs[ ;( ]. (Murica)

Jews-Jugs-Jesuits

Prohibition, anti Jew and Jesuit. (Honestly don't know about this one).

Al Smith

4 time Governor of New York, first Roman-Catholic to run for president, served in D-Day WWII, advocated for he fought for adequate housing, improved factory laws, proper care of the mentally ill, child welfare, and state parks.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Lead the United States through WWII and the Great Depression, used the New Deal, suffered from a crippling illness(could be called Polio but we were told otherwise by G), nobody took footage of him walking.

Eleanor Roosevelt

Served as First Lady while FDR was in office, a influence in American politics, protected her husband while he was in the worst health of his life by not allowing any press media or non important people to see her husband in his weakened state. Later on became a powerful spokeswoman.

Charles Evans Hughes

Served as Governor of New York, secured Labor Legislation, Insurance Reform and created the Public Service Commission.

William H. Taft

Sent by President Mckinley to the Philippines in 1900 as Chief Civil Administrator, served as President after Roosevelt, pushed for low tariffs.

John Nance Garner

32nd President of the US, served in the House of Representatives for 30 years, supported Income Tax and the Federal Reserve System, opposed the KKK, served as Speaker of the House in 1931.

Henry Wallace

33rd President of the US, Democrat and Progressive, epitomized the "Common Man" philosophy, played a role in the New Deal, formulated the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA).

Harold Ickes

Prominent Republican US Social Activist who became a prominent member of the New Deal Democratic Administration. Served in Roosevelt's Cabinet, served as the head of the Public Works Administration (PWA), which allowed the construction of highways, dams and bridges.

Harry Hopkins

Played a role in the New Deal as a Democrat. Served as Executive Director of the New York State Temporary Emergency Relief Administration. He was later appointed administration of Emergency Relief Administration. Also took part in reform programs such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA).

Jesse Jones

Was a Houston, Texas Politician and entrepreneur who later serves as United States Secretary of Commerce from 1940 to 1945, his most important role was to head the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC).

AAA

Agricultural Adjustment Act; paid people to plow their crops. Government program.

CCC

Civilian Conservation Corps; designed to keep young men in work to keep them from rebelling.

WPA

Work Progress Administration; built buildings and recreational spaces (will piss off elderly people if wanted removed).

PWA

Public Works Administration; large-scale public works construction agency.

TVA

Tennessee Valley Authority, established in 1933, control floods, improve navigation, improve living standards of farmers and produce electricity in Tennessee.