UCA BIOL 1400 - McDonald - Exam 1b Study Set

A study set for Exam 1b in BIOL1400 created by a fellow freshman at UCA. I hope this is useful to someone out there!

90% of fatalities related to mushroom poisoning are due to consumption of…?

Amanitas phalloides

A capsule that produces spores is a(n)…?

sporangium

A general term applied to single-celled fungi, most of which are sac fungi, is a(n)…?

Yeast

A protozoan, which is motile by way of its pseudopods, is most likely a(n)…?

amoeba

About what percentage of the world's population lives in areas where malaria is present?

50%

According to the text, the fungi may have been the first type of fungi to evolve.

chytrid

Algae can take which of these forms? Choose all correct answers.

single celled
filaments
colonies

Amanitas phalloides, also called the "death cap", produces a toxin that interferes with…?

gene transcription

An interesting type of club fungus is the stinkhorn, which emits a disagreeable odor. What is the purpose of this odor?

to attract flies that help distribute the fungal spores

Another term for candidiasis in the mouth is…?

Thrash

Another term for Saccharomyces cerevisiae is .

Brewer's Yeast

Approximately one-third of sub-Saharan Africans have what genetic trait, which provides some protection against malaria?

sickle-cell disease

Because of differences in membrane biosynthesis, many antifungal medications block the synthesis of specific fungal membrane components, such as…?

sterols

Chlamydomonas is a type of…?

Green Algae

Club fungi belonging to the genus Psilocybe produce a chemical called psilocybin that is most similar to the drug .

LSD

Compared to other fungi, which of these are unique characteristics of chytrid fungi?

They are aquatic.
They produce flagellated reproductive cells.

Diatom shells have a unique, delicate look because they are made of…?

Silica

Diatomaceous earth, which accumulates on the floor of oceans, can be used as…?

abrasives
filtering agents

Diatoms are ____ organisms

unicellular

Diatoms are photosynthetic algae that…?

have two-part silica cell walls

Fungal infections affecting the internal organs are called ____ mycoses.

systemic

Fungal infections of the skin are called…?

tineas

Fungi that resemble a mushroom, but emit a putrid odor that attract flies, which eventually distribute their spores, are called…?

Stinkhorns

In a lichen, nutrients are transferred from the photosynthetic partner to the fungus by?

specialized hyphae

In a lichen, the major contributions made by the fungal partner are to…?

provide minerals and water
protect against predators
protect the middle layer
prevent dessication

In a lichen, what is the major contribution made by the algae or cyanobacterium?

provides energy via photosynthesis

In bread making, what is produced by yeast that will cause the dough to rise?

Carbon Dioxide

In order to retain water when the tide is out, brown algae produce a slimy matrix that contains a gelatinous material called…?

algin

Infection by which of these organisms is most likely to cause harm to a developing fetus?

Toxoplasma gondii

Malaria is caused by several sporozoan parasites in the genus .

Plasmodium

Most people infected with Histoplasma capsulatum experience no symptoms. (true/false?)

True

Mycorrhizae are mutualistic relationships between the roots of most plants and in the soil.

fungi

Mycorrhizal fungi that form branching invaginations when they invade plant roots are the .

AM fungi

Mycorrhizal fungi that form branching invaginations when they invade plant roots are the…?

AM fungi

Mycoses are fungal diseases of…?

animal(s)

Mycoses most commonly affect people who…?

Have weakened immune systems

Naegleria fowleri produces symptoms similar to bacterial meningitis, but does not respond to _, since it is a protist, not a bacteria.

antibiotics

One way that protozoans can be harmful is by causing diseases, such as ____, which is spread to humans by mosquitoes.

malaria

Plasmodium vivax, a protozoan that causes malaria, undergoes sexual reproduction in…?

mosquitos

Select all correct statements regarding the parasitic fungus known as ergot.

It is a sac fungus.
It produces chemical compounds that are similar to LSD.
Ergot-induced hallucinations may have led to the Salem witch trials.

Select all terms that describe characteristics of a plasmodial slime mold.

multinucleated
slime sheath

Select all the benefits that mycorrhizal fungi bring to plants.

increases water absorption
provides minerals

Select all the characteristics of protozoa.

can undergo autotrophic and heterotrophic nutritional modes
heterotrophic
single-celled

Select all the chemicals that are produced when a yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ferments a sugar.

Carbon Dioxide, Ethanol (disolves quickly though)

Select all the choices that describe cellular slime molds.

They form a sluglike pseudoplasmodium during bad conditions.
They feed on bacteria and yeasts.

Select all the descriptions that apply to Stachybotrys chartarum.

It grows best in dark, unventilated locations.
It may play a role in causing "sick building syndrome".
It is also called black mold.

Select all the members of the five major groups (phyla) of fungi.

AM fungi
zygospore fungi
black bread mold
chytrids

Select all the protozoans that cause diarrhea.

Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum

Select all the tissues that might be affected by a superficial mycosis.

nails
skin
hair

Select all these that a female who is pregnant should try to avoid In order to prevent toxoplasmosis.

emptying cat litter boxes
gardening where cats have defecated

Select the cause of ringworm.

Fungi

Select the examples of fungi that are used to produce food and beverages.

Penicillium roquefortii
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast)

Select the sac fungi that are classified in phylum Ascomycota.

cup fungi
truffles and morels

Slime molds ingest their food by?

phagocytosis

Spores or cysts produced by many protists result from what type of reproduction?

sexual

Sporozoans all have a structure called the complex at one end of the cell, which is composed of fibrils, microtubules, and organelles.

apical

The AM fungi are a group whose name stands for ____ mycorrhizal fungi.

arbuscular

The chains of asexual spores produced by the _ fungi are called conidia.

sac / ascomycete / ascomycota

The cuplike sexual reproductive structure produced by sac fungi is called a(n)…?

ascocarp

The group of organisms that move by extending pseudopods are called…?

amoeboids

The largest group of animal-like protists are the…?

Ciliates

The most likely source from which you could contract Cryptosporidiosis is…?

water

The most widespread and dangerous protozoal disease in the world is…?

malaria

The normal, resident bacteria of the vagina typically inhibit Candida albicans by…?

Reducing pH

The parasite that causes is carried by Anopheles mosquitoes, in which the sexual reproduction of the sporozoan takes place.

malaria

The product derived from red algae which is used in microbiology labs to solidify culture media is called…?

agar

The sexual reproductive structure produced by club fungi is the…?

basidium

The systemic fungal disease that is most likely to infect the lungs and resemble tuberculosis is…?

histoplasmosis

The toxin produced by one species of dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax, is known to accumulate in…?

Shellfish

The type of protist that can exist as individual amoeboid cells, or as sluglike aggregations called pseudoplasmodia, is the…?

cellular slime mold

The type of sac fungus shown in the image, which is prized by chefs for their unique flavor, is called a(n) Blank.

morel

Thrush is an overgrowth of Candida albicans in the…?

Mouth

Toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis are human diseases caused by…?

sporozoans

Unfavorable conditions tend to favor what type of replication by protists?

sexual

We recognize most club fungi by their characteristic sexual reproductive structure called a(n)…?

basidium

What are Ergots?

A parasite of rye that produces hallucinogens

What are Saccharomyces?

A representative of budding yeast

What are sargassum?

large floating mats of brown algae

What are the characteristics of diatoms?

Unicellular,
Photosynthetic
Double shells made of silica

What do fungi decompose?

dead organisms and organic waste

What does Coccidioides immitis cause?

causes valley fever in southwestern U.S.

What does Entamoeba cause?

amoebic dysentery

What does Giardia lamblia cause?

diarrhea

What does Naegleria cause?

central nervous system infection and death

What is a zygospore?

A zygospore is a resting spore that contains zygotes formed during the sexual phase of a mold's life cycle.

What is agar used for?

bacterial culture media, gelatin substitute

What is Aspergillus used for?

Produces citric acid and enzymes; can cause serious illness in individuals with compromised immune systems

What is carrageenan used for?

cosmetics and chocolate manufacture

What is red seaweed used for?

Sushi wrap

What is the major reason that fungal diseases can be difficult to treat?

Fungi are eukaryotes, and therefore have many similarities to host cells.

What is typically eaten by slime molds?

Bacteria & Dead Plants

Where is Cryptococcus neoformans found?

pigeon and chicken droppings throughout the world

Where is Histoplasma capsulatum found?

bird droppings in Midwest and eastern U.S.

Where is Stachybotrys chartarum found?

often grows on building materials, known as black mold

Where would one most commonly encounter Naegleria fowleri?

In the muddy depths of a lake

Which of these are examples of green algae?

Volvox
Spirogyra
Chlamydomonas

Which of these are functions of the spores or cysts formed by many protists?

dispersal to new environments
sexual reproduction
survive poor conditions

Which of these diseases is caused by protozoa?

amoebic dysentery

Which parasitic amoeboid causes corneal inflammation?

Acanthamoeba

Which type of algae is known for producing "red tide," an algal bloom characterized by the release of a potent toxin?

dinoflagellates