Nationalism in the West

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts regarding nationalism in the West, focusing on the unification movements in Italy and Germany, as well as the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

Nationalism

The idea that people with a shared language, culture, and history deserve political independence through a unified state.

Risorgimento

The 19th-century movement for the political unification of Italy.

Giuseppe Mazzini

A key figure in Italian unification known as the Heart of Italian unification, advocating for a unified republican Italy based on shared culture.

Camillo de Cavour

The Brain of Italian unification who believed modernization and alliances were crucial for victory.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Known as the Sword of Italian unification, he used guerrilla tactics to unify southern Italy.

Dual Monarchy

The political structure established in 1867 that created Austria-Hungary as equal states with separate parliaments and laws.

Realpolitik

A political philosophy, practiced by Otto von Bismarck, emphasizing practical and pragmatic actions in politics rather than ideals.

Franco-Prussian War

The conflict in 1870-71 that united the southern German states with Prussia and led to the formation of the German Empire.

Auspicious Incident

The 1826 elimination of the Janissaries by Sultan Mahmud II to restore central authority.

The Sick Man of Europe

A term used to describe the declining Ottoman Empire, which was seen as weak and vulnerable to exploitation by European powers.

Otto von Bismarck

The Iron Chancellor who orchestrated the unification of Germany through a series of wars, employing Realpolitik.

Wilhelm I

The King of Prussia who became the first German Emperor in 1871, leading the unification of Germany with Bismarck.

Tanzimat Reforms

A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire from 1839 to 1876 aimed at modernizing the state and preventing its decline.