drrm cycle, early warning system, & emergency response (mod #6)

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China, USA, India, Philippines (15), Indonesia

top 5 countries that were hit by disasters in 2015

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

An absolute reality of our present time is that striking inequalities persist, with global disaster risk disproportionately concentreated in poorer countries with weaker governance (Clark, 2012).

False; should be disaster risk reduction

TRUE OR FALSE:

Emergency response is vital for building a more equitable and sustainable future.

• Making investments in prevention and preparedness, including civil defense exercises, is a necessary part of systematic efforts to increase resilience to disaster

disaster risk management

• disaster risk reduction

  • prevention, mitigation, adaptation

• disaster management

  • preparedness, relief, recovery

elements of DRRM

disaster risk reduction

2 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF DRRM:

this aims to decrease or manage the risk through the implementation of measures to ensure that hazards will not result in disasters

disaster management

2 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF DRRM:

building capacities needed to efficiently ______ emergencies and to effectively transition from response to early and sustained recovery

everyone

who is responsible for DRRM?

• from citizens who must be empowered to make decisions which reduce risk, to political leaders, government institutions, private sector, civil society organizations, professional bodies, and scientific and technical institutions

pre-disaster: risk reduction

post-disaster: emergency response

post-disaster: recovery

3 stages in disaster management/DRRM cycle

pre-disaster activities

DRRM CYCLE:

taken to reduce human & property losses caused by a potential hazard

• prevention, mitigation, preparedness

prevention

UNDER PRE-DISASTER STAGE:

avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards;

• ex. proper land use, suitable engineering design of structures

mitigation

UNDER PRE-DISASTER STAGE:

measures that reduce vulnerability to certain hazards;

in anticipation

• ex. improved building practices and standard designs

  • structural/hard mitigation: dikes, windbreaks, ripraps, break waters

  • non-structural/soft mitigation: safety measures (hazard mapping), legislation, economic mitigation, advocacies/policy studies

adaptation

UNDER PRE-DISASTER STAGE:

adjustment made by people or communities in response to actual or expected hazard stimuli or their impacts to reduce harm and make use of opportunities;

may be sponty or planned

• ex. stilt houses

preparedness

UNDER PRE-DISASTER STAGE:

• measures taken in anticipation of a disaster to ensure that appropriate and effective actions are taken in the aftermath

  • Training, Education and Drills

  • Public Awareness

  • Early Warning System

  • Strengthening organizations

  • Strengthening inter-agency arrangements

  • Increasing Logistic Support and Stockpile

emergency response

DRRM CYCLE:

refer to activities under disaster stage (during a disaster);

include initiatives taken to ensure that the needs and provisions of victims are met, & suffering is minimized.

• evacuation, rescue, relief

post disaster stage, recovery activities

DRRM CYCLE:

initiatives done during this stage are to achieve early recovery and rehabilitation of affected communities, immediately after a disaster strikes & are referred to as ______ activities.

recovery

UNDER POST-DISASTER STAGE:

restoration, and improvement of facilities (if possible), livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors;

may be done either by rehabilitation or reconstruction

rehabilitation

UNDER POST-DISASTER STAGE (RECOVERY):

restoration of basic services & functions;

lasts weeks to months (short-term)

reconstruction

UNDER POST-DISASTER STAGE (RECOVERY):

full resumption of services + preventive measures;

lasts months to years (long-term)

early warning systems (EWS)

means by which people receive relevant and timely information in a systematic way prior to a disaster in order to make informed decisions and take necessary action

timely, clear & understood by everyone

2 conditions for an EWS to be effective

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

The following are common ways of giving warning to a community:

• community meeting

• signs and indicators agreed upon that can be seen or heard

• posters and signs

• through radio

• by megaphone or loudspeaker

• house to house announcements

• text messaging (SMS)

1. Evacuation (in Churches, Schools, Government Buildings)

• Setting up Temporary Refuge/Tent Cities for prolonged evacuation (fires, floods, earthquakes)

2. Search and Rescue

3. First aid

4. Repair of critical facilities/services (electricity, water, public transport, hospitals)

5. Relief operation

• Provision of: food, clean water, clothing, water containers, candle, matches, soap, canvas, tents (trapal), plastic sheets for temporary shelters.

5 appropriate services during emergency

basic protocol for management of evacuation during an emergency

• know & understand the EWS

• determine safe areas for evacuation

• Know the shortest and safest route and identify alternative route/s

• Know the designated pick-up points

• Put road signs for the evacuation route

• Organize the groups in each pickup point and schedule the trip and the vehicle t be used.

• Prioritize the sick, differently abled, elderly, children and pregnant women

• Prepare pre-list of evacuees (if available) and check if the group per pick up point is complete

• Prepare the needed materials and supplies in an evacuation center

• Provide for rescue of those that were not evacuated and accounted for

• if possible, provide for the evacuation of animals (pets, livestock) and household belongings

• Provide for security for the community

• Form committees for the management of the evacuation center from the members of the community

1. warning

2. order to evacuate

3. evacuation proper

4. management of evacuation center

5. return to respective houses or relocation

5 stages of evacuation

Warning

5 STAGES OF EVACUATION:

Warning on incoming hazard;

Advisories on keeping safe and alert;

Preparations and needed actions;

Monitoring and updating of the situation

Order to Evacuate

5 STAGES OF EVACUATION:

order to immediately evacuate from the head of community or organization

Evacuation Proper

5 STAGES OF EVACUATION:

Timely, safe and organized evacuation based on plans and preparations;

Check the list of registered evacuees with the actual number of evacuees

Management of the Evacuation Center

5 STAGES OF EVACUATION:

Register, monitor & orient households;

Arrange for food, clean water & other needs;

Assign appropriate area for families;

Ensure health, safety, security, cleanliness and hygiene & overall order;

Ensure continuity of basic services and information;

Organize committees for cooperative management

Return to respective houses or relocation

5 STAGES OF EVACUATION:

Fixing of damaged houses;

Fixing and restoration of evacuation center;

Coordinating with proper authorities for the putting up of new houses for relocates

Committee on Food

COMMITTEES NEED FOR EVACUATION:

• distribution of relief

• giving special attention to needs of children, elderly, pregnant & breastfeeding mother

• management of kitchen and needed supplies

• organizing and storing the supply of food

Committee on Health

COMMITTEES NEED FOR EVACUATION:

• maintenance of cleanliness and overall hygiene

• administering first-aid

• referral of patients to hospitals, if needed

• making herbal medicines

• organizing and storage of needed medicines

Committee on Information & Coordination

COMMITTEES NEED FOR EVACUATION:

• registration of evacuees/survivors and personal belongings

• tracing/tracking of unaccounted family members

• coordination and monitoring with outside help organizations/institutions

• continuous monitoring and updating of conditions to evacuees

• soliciting/gathering resources needed

Committee on Education

COMMITTEES NEED FOR EVACUATION:

• arrange for the continuation of classes for school children and day care

• orientation on disaster preparedness measures

• organizing physical fitness activities, games and sports

• giving seminars on alternative livelihood, child health and issues like human rights

Committee on Safety & Security

COMMITTEES NEED FOR EVACUATION:

• ensure safety of evacuees

• guard the evacuation center day and night

• settle quarrels and disputes during evacuation

• negotiate with police and armed forces

• secure and monitor the houses and belongings left behind

Damage, Needs, Capacity Assessment (DNCA)

this identifies the appropriate services and emergency response;

provides sufficient information and update regarding the situation in the affected area;

gathers the needed information on the resources (financial, materials, equipment, manpower, etc.) needed

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

These are information covered under DNCA:

• Damage to personnel, houses, livelihood and critical facilities

• Response measures done by the community

• Assistance provided by local government and NGOs

• Response and recovery plans of households, organizations and the community

• Prevention and preparedness to other hazards

• Needs (food, clean water, temporary refuge, health, security, management of evacuation center, etc.)

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

These are methods of gathering data for DNCA:

• observation

• interview

• community meeting

• small group discussion

• coordination with diff. gov’t agencies & other orgs

what, when, where, how

FORMAT OF DNCA:

• Disaster: ______, _____, ______, _____

damaged, still to be damaged

FORMAT OF DNCA:

• Damages: ________, ________

response of households & community, community & organizational plans, primary needs

other 3 components part of DNCA (response, plans, needs)

timely, appropriate, adequate

RELIEF OPERATIONS:

Relief assistance must be _____, _____, & ______.

False; NOT overindependet

TRUE OR FALSE:

Communities affected by disasters are overdependent on outside help.

False; it must be organized

TRUE OR FALSE:
Relief must be immediately provided.

False

TRUE OR FALSE:

Massive influxes of relief goods are always good.

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

People will not eat anything when hungry as they still value quality.

False; different

TRUE OR FALSE:

Families have the same needs and must be given same amount of assistance.

False; not always

TRUE OR FALSE:

Aid is used to gain political favors, bolster popularity, or discriminate against specific, unaligned groups.

1. Assessment of Damage, Needs and Capacity

2. Planning

3. Resource Generation

4. Purchasing

5. Warehousing

6. Repacking

7. Distribution

8. Assessment

9. Reporting

procedure to relief operations (APRPWRDAR)

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

Other emergency services that need to be provided are emergency health services & psychological first aid.