Exercise Testing + prescription

Physical activity

General movement that results in energy expenditure

• energy expenditure (Kcals, MET, O2 consumption)

• Bowling or walking

Exercise

Body movement (specific type of physical activity that have defined parameters.

• energy expenditure (Kcals, MET, O2 consumption)

• bench press

Physical fitness

levels of ability

• VO2 max

• HR max

Physical activity and exercise are behaviors. Physical fitness is a measurable outcome of these behaviors…

need health realted fitness before sport related fitness…

What are the major components of health fitness

1. Body composition

2. Muscular endurance - how long for prolonged period of time

3. Muscular strength - 1 rep max (cannot use that safely for general pop)

4. flexibility

5. balance

6. cardio respiratory fitness (most indicative of health related fitness)

What is Exercise Tests

• measure components of health fitness

• determine baseline function so you can identify deficits and adequacies to provide focus areas for improvement.

What is Exercise Prescriptions

• utilize standards to design safe exercise programming

• used to prevent or minimize complications of exercise.

• prevent progression of disease

• improve quality of life

Pre exercise evaluation…

what is the steps of preexercise evaluation

1. Informed consent (MUST COME FIRST)

2. medical and health history

3. pre-participation screening

4. CVD Risk Factor

What are key components of professionalism when working with a client/patient?

• Treat patients how you would want your family treated

• Introduce yourself and your position

• Explain assessments/exercises in simple but accurate terms

• Maintain professional language

• Allow opportunities for questions

• Explain results when applicable

Assent vs. Consent:

• Assent = agreement from someone who cannot legally consent (e.g., a minor); they should understand and agree to participate

• Consent = legally binding permission from someone able to provide consent

purpose of taking a detailed health history (NEED to get the notes for this)

What is the purpose of preparticipation screening?

To identify individuals who should seek medical clearance before beginning a vigorous exercise program.

Screening considers:

• High-risk physical signs/symptoms

• Current level of physical activity

• High-risk medical conditions

• Desired physical activity level

Sign vs. Symptom:

• Sign = objective; something you can observe/measure

• Symptom = subjective; something the patient feels/reports

Step 1: identify high risk signs + symptoms…

What are the characteristics of angina pectoris?

Angina pectoris = chest pain of cardiac origin

Character:

• Crushing, heavy, tight, or vice-like

• Often accompanied by sweating

Location:

• Substernal chest

• May radiate to shoulders, arms, neck, or jaw

• Presentation may be more variable in women

Triggers:

• Exercise/exertion

• Excitement/emotional stress

• New/unaccustomed exertion

When assessing symptoms, ask what triggers them and the situations in which they occur.

What are the 3 types of unreasonable breathlessness?

Dyspnea:

• Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion

Orthopnea:

• Shortness of breath while lying flat

• Relieved by sitting up

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND):

• Shortness of breath after 2–5 hours of sleep

• Relieved by sitting up

What are other high-risk signs/symptoms during preparticipation screening?

• Dizziness or fainting (syncope) at rest or during exercise

• Bilateral ankle swelling (edema) — ask about triggers and duration

• Palpitations/tachycardia — unpleasant awareness of a forceful or rapid heartbeat

• Intermittent claudication — reproducible buttock, thigh, or calf pain triggered by exercise; not present with standing/sitting; associated with peripheral vascular disease

• Ongoing heart murmur

Step 2: Current Activity Level

What qualifies as exercising regularly when assessing current activity level?

Exercise must be:

• Planned and structured

• At least moderate intensity → noticeable increase in heart rate and respiratory rate

• At least 3 days/week

• At least 30 minutes/session

• Maintained for at least 3 months