Excretory system

Kidneys

Remove waste and extra water from the blood and produce urine

ureters

two tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

bladder

stores urine.

urethra

tube that carries urine from bladder.

skin

Removes salts as sweat

lungs

Remove carbon dioxide

liver

Changes toxic substances in the blood into other less toxic substances.

cortex

the outer kidney area

medulla

the middle kidney area

renal pelvis

the inner kidney area where urine piles up

Bowman’s capsule

Receives filtrate from the glomerulus 

Proximal tubule

functions for reabsorption - Potassium, nutrients,  NaCl and water

Loop of Henle

Functions for reabsorption - descending, Water (not salt) and acsending, Sodium, Chloride and Bicarbonate (not water)

Distal tubule

Functions for reabsorption and secretion Reabsorbs Na⁺ and Cl⁻ (regulated by aldosterone). Secretes additional ions like potassium (K⁺) and hydrogen (H⁺) for acid-base balance.

collecting duct

functions for reabsorption - Some Urea and Water

Glomerulus

 is a bunch of capillaries connected to the renal arteries and renal veins. 

Filtrate

water     uric acid   glucose            ions

urea       salts         amino acids     vitamins

ADH

Hormone made by the hypothalamus that cause water to be taken out of the nephron and put into the blood

secretion

Moving all the waste from the blood and into the nephron. Occurs in the distal tubule. Active transport moves substances.

Aldosterone

Hormone made by the adrenal glands. Causes sodium to be taken out of the nephron and put into the blood. Helps raise blood pressure.