Important People - Alexander the Great

Cleombrotos

King of Sparta in 377, encourages Sphodrias to seize the Peiraieus and dies at Leuctra

Alexander of Pherae

takes control of Thessaly after Jason, arrests Pelopidas and is assassinated by his wife Thebe and her brothers

Lysander

Spartiate who sets up the 30 and tries to become king of Sparta. Dies during the Boiotian War

Thrasyboulos

Athenian driven into exile who destroys the Thirty. Finds allies for the Athenians by putting in democracies

Artaxerxes Memnon

King of Persia who attacks Greece for allying with his younger brother. Comes to a truce

Pharnabazus

Persian satrap who arrested Alkibiades the Athenian and put him to death to gain favor with the Spartans. Leads campaign to reclaim Egypt.

Thibron

Commander of the Spartan War against the King. Forced to retreat by Tissaphernes, dies in 390 in Persia due to disorderly conduct

Herippidas

sent by Sparta to forcibly deal with civil discord in Herakleia, but doesn’t dole out loot equally and keeps it from the other officers

Tissaphernes

Promises to eliminate the Greeks for Artaxerxes and invites the Greek generals to a meeting, where they are all arrested. Defeated by Agesilaus

Tiribazos

Commander of infantry forces in Asia, makes war on Evagoras for Artaxerxes, but fails to capture Salamis. Satrap for Persia to whom Antalcidas is sent to create peace

Conon

Athenian put in charge of Xerxes’ fleet and ends Spartan naval supremacy in 394. Rebuilds Athenian walls and fortifications

Peisander

Spartan navarch and Agesilaus’ brother in law who engages Conon and Pharnabazus near Knidos

Agesilaus

Defeats Tissaphernes at Sardis, aimed at absolute power over the Greeks - the Thebans defeat the Spartans at Tegyra, then the Arkadians, Plutarch says he would have been able to win against the Thebans if he hadn’t been carried away by passion. Appoints Teleutias, his half brother, and ignores Theban emissaries looking for peace, so a Spartan division is destroyed by Iphicrates. Rescues Phoebidas from punishment after Phoebidas seizes the Cadmeia, and trains the Thebans by repeatedly attacking them. Erases Thebans and Messnians from treaties

Timotheus

Athenian general who, despite his prowess, is accused of treason by Chares and relieved of his position. Replaces Chabrias after his assassination

Agesipolis

King of Sparta, son of Pausnias who wanted peace, but wasn’t involved much because he was the son of an exile. Suggested that Sparta would be transgressing the common treaty by enslaving the Greeks, and that Sparta was already in disrepute for handing over the Greek cities in Asia to Persia

Alcibiades

Came from Sicily as an exile to Sparta and sires a child with King Agis’s wife, so that when Agis dies, Agesilaus takes the throne

Philomelus

Phocian who instigates the Sacred War by taking Delphi

Onomarchus

Phocian general after Philomelus kills himself. Uses the sacred treasure, elected General Plenipotentiary

Phayllus

Onomarcus’s brother who takes over and rebuilds Phocis up after the defeat by Philip

Archidamus

Spartan king in 355 who secretly helps Philomelus take Delphi

Phoibidas

Spartiate who seizes the Cadmeia in Thebes in 382 and destroys Theban autonomy

Teleutias

Brother of Agesilaus who plunders the Olynthian territory in 380 but dies. Raids the Piraeus and drives out the Athenians

Epaminondas

argues the case for Thebes in 375 during the Common Peace, and emboldens them to oppose the other states. Resettles Messene in 369, which is ideal for an attack on Sparta, and kills Cleombrotos at the Battle of Leuctra, but falls at the Battle of Mantinea

Jason of Pherae

Tyrant who wins over the Thessalians to gain hegemony over Greece, but is assassinated in 370

Lykomedes

Convinces the Arkadians to form a League

Pelopidas

Marches with Arkadia to go against Sparta, sent to end the tyranny of Alexander and takes Philip as hostage to Thebes, but is later arrested. Defeats Alexander eventually but dies to his own anger

Chares

Athenian general who aids the Phleiasians against the Argives. Fails to defeat Alexander and stirs up political strife in Kerkya, earning the Athenians disrepute. Accuses Iphicrates and Timotheus of treason

Artabazus II

revolts against the Persian king - general and satrap

Amyntas

Macedonian King and father of Philip II, driven out of Pella by the Illyrians

Iphicrates

Athenian general who made contributions to military equipment with lighter shoes, smaller shields, increased spear and sword sizes. Uses mundane tasks to train his men for naval battle

Pausnias

Spartan king denied the right to sacrifice and compete in the Olympics by the Eleans, but is exiled

Chabrias

Athenian who was hired by the king of Egypt but is called back so that Iphicrates can aid the Persian king, and aids the Spartans against Epaminondas

Evagoras

Exiled king of Salamis who regains his power by driving out the current ruler, a friend of Xerxes

Polydamas

Calls Sparta to act against Jason of Pherae

Leotychides

Never recognized as the son of King Agis, so Agesilaus takes the throne

Megabates

Son of Spithridates whom Agesilaus loved

Dercylidas

Spartan commander who led an army against the Persians

Cyrus the Younger

Persian prince who hired the ten thousand to overthrow his brother

Lycurgus

Turned Sparta into a military state

Clearchus

Spartan general who led 13,000 Greeks in Cyrus’s rebellion against Artaxerxes, murdered by Tissaphernes