Common Zoonotic diseases Lab

what is a definitive host

harbor the adult parasite

what is a intermediate host

habors the immature parasite

what is a reservoir host

harbors a parasite but is not affected by the parasite

what is associated with damage to a host via parasite

Number of parasites

Location in the host

Production of toxin

Interference with patients biology

What are the parasite types

ectoparasites

Endoparasites

Host-specific

Non-specific

what is ectoparasites

include fleas, lice, ticks, mites, chiggers, biting flies, and myiasis-induced flies

what is endoparasite

Include nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, and protozoa

what is non specific

Those that infect several species

What are arthropods

parasites with jointed appendages or feet

what is an example of arthropod

ascarines/ mites

Scabies

Walking dandruff

Ticks

what is sarcoptes scabiei

scabies mites

what is cheyletiella parasitovorax

walking dandruff mites

what is acariasis

ticks

what is otoacariasis

ticks and mites of the ear canal

Are ticks host specific

no they can infect more than one host

what causes extreme pruritis, hyperemia, and alopecia

scabies

how d you diagnose scabies

Superficial skin scraping

how do you process a skin scrap

with a dulled sterile blade scrap the surface of the skin place the sample on a microscope slide and apply a drop of mineral oil

how do scabies look under a microscope

round to oval shape with jointed legs

Each leg is long, unjointed pedicel with a tiny sucked on the end

Is scabies zoonotic

yes. Transmissible to humans from direct contact or from contaminated environment

How do you treat scabies

Selamectin. Two topical treatments 30 days apart

how do you prevent scabies

Denomination with pyrethrins

what causes extreme pruritis and excess keratin

walking dandruff

what is c. Yagura

dog walking dandruff mite

what is c. Blake

xat walking dandruff mite

how do you diagnose cheyletiella parasitivorax

parting the hair with gloves hand and observing the mites walk along the skin

which animals are asymptomatic to walking dandruff

breeding female cats and dogs

How do walking mites look

Have accessory hooks on the head and comb like structure on the feet

is walking dandruff zoonotic

yes. Causes itching in humans spread via fomites

how do you treat walking mites

pyrethrins and selamectin, ivermectin, moxidectin

What are ticks

voracious blood feeders that inhabit the areas of the skin

how do you diagnose ticks

diagnostic laboratories

What are tick-borne diseases ?

Rock mountain spotted fever, q fever, tularemia, tick paralysis, cytauxzonosis, and protozoan parasites

what tick treatment is safe for dogs

fipronil and amitrazw

what tick treatment is safe for cats

fipronil and selamectin

what is ctenocephalides canis

fleas of the dog

what is ctenocephalides felis

fleas of the cat

how do you diagnose fleas

flea feces will streak red when wet
observing them jump off animal

what disease is spread by fleas

cat scratch disease or barteonella henselae
or the plague

how do you treat fleas

monthly preventatives to kill eggs, larvae, and adult fleas
shampoos and dips can be used as well BEFORE monthly preventatives

What are cestodes

adult tapeworms of the dog and cat

what are metacestodes

tapeworm larvae

where are cestodes found

in the intestinal tract of dogs, cats, ferrets, and humans

or

outside the intestines within intermediate hosts

what are the three parts of the tapeworm

scolex (head)
the neck
strobila (body)

what are the types of cestodes

echinococcus granulosus
echinococcus multilocularis
Spirometra mansonoides

what is echinococcus granulosus

the small tapeworm of the dog

sheep and cattle are intermediate hosts

what are echinococcus multilocularis

small tapeworm of cats and foxes

rodents are intermediate hosts

what are Spirometra mansonoides

zipper tapeworm of dogs AND cats

crustaceans are intermediate hosts

what are the symptoms of tapeworms in dogs and cats

they are asymptomatic`

what is the common sign of tapeworms

presence of gravid tapeworm proglottids in the feces or around the anus

or

rice grain like dried out tapeworm segments in the bedding

what is proglottids

chain segments of tapeworms

what is diplyidium caninum

double pore possessing two sets of male and female reproductive organs

how do you treat diplyidium caninum tapeworm

prazoquantel or epsiprantel

what is the infective stage of diplyidium caninum

Cysticercoid
carried in the larval stage by the flea

what is taenia pisiformis

tapeworm that has one lateral genital pore and a single set of male and female reproductive organs

how do you treat taenia pisiformis

fenbendazole and flea control/prevention

what are nematodes

roundworms

where do nematodes thrive

in the small intestine of dogs and cats

what do nematodes look like

round on cross section type wom

which parasite affects the widest assortment of wild and domestic animals, many organs, and systems

THE NEMATODE

what are the types of roundworms

Toxocara canis
toxocara cati
toxocaris leonine
baylisascaris procyonis
Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostomiases Brasiliense, Ancylostoma tubaeforme

which roundworm affects the small intestine of the cats

Toxocara cati

Toxocaris leonine

Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostomiases Brasiliense, Ancylostoma tubaeforme

which roundworm affects raccoons

Baylisacaris procyonis

which nematode affects the small intestine of the dogs

Toxocara canis

Toxocaris leonine

Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostomiases Brasiliense, Ancylostoma tubaeforme

roundworm needs what type of host for the life cycle to continue

a paratenic host

what is a paratenic host

harbors the sexually immature parasite but is not necessary for the parasites development, it stays suspended in animation until eaten by the hose

what are the clinical signs of toxocara canis

vomiting, diarrhea, and enlarges abdomen in puppies - possible poor growth and flatulence

diarrhea in adult doges

what are the clinical signs of toxocara catis

young cats are asymptomatic

severe infection can be diarrhea, abdominal distention, rough hair coat, dehydration

what are the clinical signs of toxocara leonina

similar signs in puppies and kittens

adult cats are asymptomatic

what are visceral larval migrans

migration of the parasite within the viscera of the body

often the small intestine

what are ocular larval migrans

migration of the parasite within the eyes

humans are paratenic hosts for which parasite

nematodes

how do you diagnose roundworm

fecal flotation

centrifugation with ID of eggs

how do you treat roundworms

Pyrantel pamoate
fenbendazole (panacur)

Moxydexin (Nexgard/Trifexis)

Milbemycin oxime

Selamectin

which parasite has the capability to migrate to the brain or central nervous system

BAYLISASCARIS PROCYONIS

what are neurologic larval migrans

infective larvae that migrate through the intestinal wall of the paratenic host before migrating through the brain and other neural tissues, such as the spinal cord causing sever neurologic signs and possibly death

how do you diagnose BAYLISASCARIS PROCYONIS

routine fecal flotation

how do you treat BAYLISASCARIS PROCYONIS

Pyrantel pamoate
fenbendazole (panacur)

Moxydexin (Nexgard/Trifexis)

Milbemycin oxime

Selamectin

what is acylostoma

hookworm

what is a hookworm

voracious blood feeding worms found in the intestines of dogs and cats

what do hookworms look like?

worm with unique teeth and large buccal cavities

how do you diagnose Ancylostoma

fecal centrifugation, fecal flotation, and egg identification

what are the clinical signs of Ancylostoma

pale mucous membranes, anemia, blood tinged/tarry stool, weight loss for cats

what are cutaneous larval migrans

migration into superficial tissues

how are hookworms spread to humans

contact with infected animals, walking barefoot

how do you treat hookworms

fenbendazole, moxidectin, pyrantel

how does Ancylostoma present in humans

pruritic, raised, tortuous tracks in the skin

what is trichuris vulpis

whipworm

what does T.vulpis affect

does and foxes

what dos T. campanula affect

cats

where is whipworm found

in the cecum and portions of the large intestine

what does whipworm look like

whip-like shape

fat posterior handle with long, filamentous anterior end

how does whipworm work

its a blood sucking parasite that threads its head through the intestinal mucosa using its stylet like mouthpart to cannulate the blood vessel to ingest whole blood

what are the clinical signs of whipworm

anemia, diarrhea, weight loss, and blood in feces

how is whipworm diagnosed

fecal flotation, unique trichinellid egg type, fresh fecal sample, fecal centrifugation

how do you treat whipworm

fenbendazole

what are examples of protozoans

giardia, toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidiosis

what is giardia

the most common intestinal parasite affecting humans, all domestic species, and many wild species

what are the symptoms of giardia

weight loss secondary to diarrhea

but diarrhea mostly

how is giardia spread

through fecal-oral contact