Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Review

Who proposed the heliocentric theory?

Copernicus

What is a heliocentric universe?

A sun-centered universe

Who formulated the three laws of planetary motion?

Kepler

Improved telescope, moon surface is not smooth, moons of Jupiter, law of inertia

Galileo

What is a hypothesis?

A possible explanation as to why something happened

What is the scientific method?

A step-by-step process to discover scientific facts

What is gravity?

The force that keeps planets in their orbits

What did Voltaire advocate for?

Religious freedom, separation of church and state, free speech

What did John Locke advocate for?

natural rights of man (Life, liberty, and property)

What did Montesquieu advocate?

Separation of powers

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about government?

In absolute monarchies, men are bad and can't govern

What did Mary Wollstonecraft fight for?

Women's rights and education for women

What economic principles did Adam Smith support?

Free market, capitalism, supply and demand are economic natural laws

What rules did Enlightenment thinkers apply to human behavior?

Natural laws

What did Wollstonecraft argue for?

Women's education

Physiocrats supported what government policy?

Laissez faire economics

Why did Enlightenment thinkers face censorship?

They challenged the old order of society

What is an enlightened despot?

Someone who influenced political and social change

What form of government did Thomas Hobbes think was best?

Absolute monarchy

Who introduced the idea of checks and balances?

Montesquieu

Why was the Encyclopedia important?

It helped spread Enlightenment ideas

What regulates business in a free market according to Smith?

Supply and demand

Who supported the natural rights of people?

John Locke

How did writers avoid censorship?

By disguising their ideas as fiction writing

Who proposed the idea of separation of powers?

Montesquieu