Chapter 30

Fatt Hing Chin

Chinese fish peddler who migrated during the gold rush in 1849, founded a restaurant in America.

Manifest Destiny

The execution of the belief that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

A law that moved all Native Americans west of the Mississippi River into 'Indian Territory' (Oklahoma).

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation and migration of Native American nations from the Southeast U.S. to Indian Territory, resulting in thousands of deaths.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War, leading to the U.S. gaining half of Mexico's territory.

Emancipation Proclamation

An executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863, declaring the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate states.

Dawes Severalty Act of 1887

Legislation that aimed to assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land and eliminating collective tribal ownership.

Gettysburg

A pivotal battle in July 1863 that turned the tide of the Civil War in favor of the Union.

Seneca Falls Convention

An 1848 meeting that marked the beginning of the women's rights movement in the United States.

National Policy

Canada's approach to economic development post-independence, aiming to attract migrants and build transportation infrastructure.

Mexican-American War

An armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, primarily over territorial disputes.

Mexican Constitution of 1857

A Mexican document that sought to limit the power of the military and the Catholic Church and provided for male suffrage and freedom of speech.

Zapatistas

Supporters of Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution, fighting for land reforms.

Creole Elites

The upper class in Latin America, often of European descent, who established republics after independence.

Caudillos

Regional military leaders in Latin America who often wielded significant political power.

The Canadian Dominion

The federal union of Canada, created in 1867, which recognized Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick as self-governing regions.

Indian indentured servants

Laborers from India who were contracted to work in various parts of Latin America, including in sugarcane fields.

Little Bighorn

The 1876 battle where the Lakota Sioux defeated U.S. forces led by General Custer.

The Mexican Revolution

A major armed struggle in Mexico that aimed to end dictatorship and address social inequalities.

Ghost Dance

A religious movement among Native Americans in the late 19th century that called for a return to traditional ways and an end to the oppressors.