Lesson 3 Digestive System (non majors biology)

Suspension feeders

An aquatic animal, such as a clam or a baleen whale, that sifts small food particles from the water

Substrate feeders

live in or on their food source and eat their way through it

Fluid feeders

only consume fluids (moisquitos)

Bulk feeders

ingest large pieces of food (cats dogs humans)

Herbivore

eat plants and have flat teeth and used for grinding

Carnivore

eats other animals and have sharp and pointy teeth (cats)

Omnivore

eat plants and animals and have a mix of canine and flat grinders (bears and humans)

Ingestion

intaking food (first step)

Digestion

breaking down of food into small molecules that can enter cells

Hydrolysis

the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.

Absorption

food going from digestive system into the bloodstream into the cells

Elimination

act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces

Hard pallet

upper front

Soft pallet

upper back

Uvula

Tongue

allows us to shape words and taste foods

Salivary glands

creates saliva (99.5% water, 0.5% amylase)

Plaque

build up of bacteria on teeth

Amylase

used to convert starch into maltose (2 glucose monomers bonded together)

Pharynx

aka throat and

epiglottis

if down, food goes into the digestive system and not lungs

esophagus

long muscular tube that pushes food from larynx into stomach

peristalsis

unconscious movement pushing food through the digestive system

stomach

A holding sac in the shape of a J that secretes and holds gastric juices

acid reflux

backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus

antiacids

medicine for heartburn

parietal cells

make mucus that protect stomach lining

pepsin

digest proteins into polypeptides

small intestine

responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients

Liver

makes bile

Bile

breaks down large pieces of fat

Gallbladder

stores bile made before secreting it to the digestive system

Pancreas

secretes lots of different enzymes

Glucagon

takes glycogen out of storage and converts into glucose

Insulin

takes glucose out of blood and converts into glycogen and fat

Diabetes 1/2

type 1 DOES NOT make any insulin and type 2 DOESNT MAKE ENOUGH

Trypsin and chymotrypsin

degrade proteins into small polypeptides

Lipase

breaks down triglyceride into glycerol and three fatty acids

Large intestine

aka colon and has a diameter of 2.5 inches and 3 feet long