APWH Modern - Unit 6 Essential Vocab

Berlin Conference

Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa; beginning of the Scramble for Africa

Nationalism

strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country; used to justify imperialism

"Civilizing mission"

Western nations brought advanced science and economic development to non-Western parts of the world; used to justified imperialism

King Leopold II

Belgian leader who owned the rubber trade in the Congo

Social Darwinism

"survival of the fittest" in politics, used as a justification for imperialist expansion

Sepoy Rebellion

Revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; uprising against British imperialism

Sokoto Caliphate, Cherokee Nation, Zulu Kingdom

3 nations founded in 1750-1900 in response to imperial expansion

rubber

major export from Southern Africa; workers were exploited by European colonizers

Ghost Dance

Anti-imperial ritual the Sioux performed to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.

Opium Wars

conflict between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the drug trade and British trade rights

Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

anti-imperial movement that if these African peoples killed livestock, their ancestors would kill the British

Tupac Amaru II and Samoray Toure

Two anti-imperialists that led successful revolutions against imperial conquerors

Meat

Major export from Argentina and Uruguay in the growth of global capitalism under imperial rule

Cotton

major industrial product of India and Egypt, exported to Europe during early industrialization

diamonds

precious stone mined and exported from Africa, profited Europeans

Port of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Trading port built in South America with the support of British firms and for British profit

New Zealand

British established this nation as a settler colony and overtook local Maori

palm oil

Industrial nations used this African export to lubricate their machines

Lebanese-American Merchants, Italian-Argentinian Industrial Workers, Chinese-American Railroad Workers, Irish-American Urban Workers, British-Indian Engineers, Italian-Americans

3 of 6 groups who migrated for work during 1750-1900

copper

metal extracted in Chile and used for European industries

ethnic enclaves

result of global migration; locations like Chinatown and Little Italy with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity

Chinese Exclusion Act

mid-1800s American law barring a specific ethnic group from immigrating

White Australia Policy

Policy that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia