CHEM NOMENCLATURE & PERIODIC TRENDS

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42 Terms

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Ionic Bond

forms between a metal and a nonmetal

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Covalent Bond

forms between two or more nonmetals

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binary ionic compounds

contains two different kinds of elements [name of cation (metal)] + [base name of anion (metal) + ide]

EX.

LiCl = Lithium Chloride

CaF2 = Calcium Flouride

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compounds with Multivalent Cations

Name of Cation is followed by a roman numeral in parentheses

  • Transition metals can form ions with various charges

  • ONLY TRANSITION METALS THAT ONLY FORM ONE ION: Ag, Zn

[name of cation (metal)] + [charge of cation] + [base name of anion (metal) + ide]

EX.

PbCl3 = Pb ^3+ + Cl ^1- = Lead (III) Chloride

FeO = Iron (II) Oxide

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NH4+

Ammonium

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C2H3O2-

Acetate

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CN-

Cyanide

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SCN-

Thiocyanate

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HCO3-

Bicarbonate

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CO32-

Carbonate

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C2O42-

Oxalate

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ClO-

Hypochlorite

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ClO2-

Chlorite

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ClO3-

Chlorate

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ClO4-

Perchlorate

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CrO42-

Chromate

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Cr2O72-

Dichromate

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MnO4-

Permanganate

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NO2-

Nitrite

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NO3-

Nitrate

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OH-

Hydroxide

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O22-

Peroxide

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H2PO4-

Dihydrogen Phosphate

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HPO4-

Hydrogen Phosphate

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PO43-

Phosphate

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HSO3-

Bisulfate

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SO32-

Sulfite

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HSO4-

Bisulfate

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SO42-

Sulfate

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S2O32-

Thiosulfate

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More Oxygen

ends with -ate

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Less Oxygen

ends with -ite

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2nd row

-ate ions have 3 O2

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3rd row

-ate ions have 4 O2

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molecular compounds

[prefix] + [name of 1st element] + [prefix] + [base name of 2nd element + ide]

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Binary Acids

[hydro] + [ base name of nonmetal + ic] + [acid]

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Oxyacids

  • -ate -> -ic + acid

  • -ite -> -ous + acid

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Organic Compounds

  1. Meth

  2. Eth

  3. Prop

  4. But

  5. Pent

  6. Hex

  7. Hept

  8. Oct

  9. Non

  10. Dec

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As you go down a group, atomic radius _____, and as you go across periods, atomic radius ______.

Increases; decreases

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Across a period, ionization energy ______. Down a group, ionization energy _______.


Increases; decreases

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Across a period( left to right), electronegativity _______. Down a group, electronegativity _________.

Increases; decreases

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This fundamental law explains the force between charged particles, where greater nuclear charge and shorter distance lead to stronger attraction.

Coulomb’s Law