prokaryotic cell division + mutations

prokaryote DNA

• no nuclues
• have 1 single chromosome
• essentialy one big circle

binary fission

• prokaryotic cell division
• produces two identical daughter cells
• faster and simpeler than mitosis
• mitochondria also made throught binary fussion

• mutations

• change In DNA
• inheritable or not
• 2 types: gene mutations or chromosomal mutation
• if mutation results in cell cycle change -> tumor created

gene mutation

• single gene mutated

chromosomal mutations

• whole chromosome

types

• nondisjunction
• monosomy
• trisomy
• deletion
• duplication
• inversion
• translocation

nondisjunction

• chromosomes fail to seperate properly
• meiosis II - primary nondisjunction
• meiosis II - secondary nondisjunction

monosomy

• (2n-1)
• individual only has 1 allele of a chromosome
• e.g. tuner syndrome (monosomy of X chromosome)

trisomy

• type of nondisjunction
• (2n+1)
• individual has 3 alleles of a chromosome
• e.g. down syndrome

deletion

• segment of entire chromosome gone

duplication

• more than one segment or whole chromosome has repeat

inversion

• segment of chromosome flipped 180 degrees

translocation

• segment of chromosome moves to other chromosome
• not same as crossing over

karotype

• visual displey of chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and banding pattern