Literature and Mythology Mastery Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Filipino literary periods, world children's literature, global mythologies (Greek, Roman, Norse, African), and Asian literary traditions (Indian, Chinese, Japanese).

Riddles

Brain teasers used as a pastime of early Filipinos, known as Bugtong in Tagalog, Paktakon in Ilonggo, Patotdon in Bicol, and Tigmo in Cebuano.

Proverbs (salawikain)

Folk wisdom that provides guidance in daily living.

Hele or oyayi

A Filipino folk song used as a lullaby.

Bi-ag ni Lam-ang

An Ilokano epic depicting the adventures of heroes.

Awit

A secular form of Hispanic literature characterized by $12$ syllables and a slow or andante tempo, such as Florante at Laura.

Korido

A secular form of Hispanic literature characterized by $8$ syllables and a fast or allegro tempo, such as Ibong Adarna.

Aesop's Fables

A timeless collection of short stories featuring animals and inanimate objects that personify human traits and behaviors.

Chapbooks

Renaissance-era publications that democratized reading and storytelling.

John Newberry

Known as the Father of Children's Literature; author of A Little Pretty Pocket Book.

Hans Christian Andersen

Known as the Father of the Modern Fairy Tale and author of The Little Mermaid.

Lewis Carroll

A pioneer of nonsense literature who celebrated imagination and curiosity in Alice in Wonderland.

JM Barrie

Edwardian Age author who emphasized the bittersweet nature of growing up and created the "child-hero" archetype in Peter Pan.

Dead Stars

A model of character delineation by Paz Marquez Benitez, telling the story of Alfredo Salazar, who is torn between his fiancée Esperanza and Julia Salas.

Footnote to Youth

A story by Jose Garcia Villa about generations of families marrying very young and living with the consequences of those choices.

Severino Reyes (Lola Basyang)

The Father of Filipino Drama and the Father of Tagalog Zarzuela; author of Walang Sugat.

Anthropomorphic

A characteristic of Greek gods where they are depicted with human qualities, emotions, and flaws.

Theogony

A work by Hesiod that details the origin and genealogy of the Greek gods from the beginning of the universe.

Oedipus Rex

A Greek tragedy by Sophocles about King Oedipus of Thebes, who is fated to kill his father and marry his mother.

Metamorphoses

A narrative poem by Ovid in fifteen books weaving together over $250$ myths and legends.

Yggdrasil

In Norse mythology, a cosmic tree that structures the universe and connects different realms such as Midgard and Asgard.

Griots

The keepers of oral literature in West Africa who were skilled at transmitting many forms of African oral literature.

Negritude Movement

A literary movement of the 1930s-1950s among French-speaking African and Caribbean writers in Paris protesting French colonial rule and assimilation.

Purusarthas

The four ultimate goals of human life in Indian literature: Dharma (duty), Artha (wealth), Kama (love/pleasure), and Moksha (liberation).

Jen / Ren

A Confucian concept signifying human-heartedness and the unique goodness of man which animals cannot aspire to.

Mono no aware

A Japanese literary concept defined as the awareness of the impermanence of things.

Giri

A Japanese socio-political concept representing duty, justice, honor, face, and decency.

Tanka

A Japanese poetry form with a structure of $5-7-5-7-7$.

Ryunosuke Akutagawa

Known as the Father of the Japanese short story and author of In the Grove.