GEd 107 Module 6: Universal Values

Value

Something an individual or a specific group considers highly important, manifesting as things, states of mind, or behaviors.

Three forms of values

Things (money, food), States of Mind (peace, safety), and Behaviors (truth-telling, protecting others).

Two conceptual interpretations of universal values

1) Something everyone inherently finds important, or 2) something everyone across all backgrounds has a valid reason to believe has value.

Shalom H. Schwartz's Research Framework

An extensive global study involving over 25,000 individuals across 44 nations that successfully isolated ten core types of universal values.

The Ten Schwartz Universal Values

Power, Achievement, Hedonism, Stimulation, Self-Direction, Universalism, Benevolence, Tradition, Conformity, and Security.

Power (Schwartz Value)

Emphasizes the pursuit of authority, structural leadership, social dominance, social power, and earthly wealth.

Achievement (Schwartz Value)

Centers on personal success, demonstrated capability, high ambition, social influence, intelligence, and preserving self-respect.

Hedonism (Schwartz Value)

Rooted deeply in sensory pleasure and fully enjoying life.

Stimulation (Schwartz Value)

Driven by pursuing daring activities, maintaining a varied life, and experiencing an exciting life path.

Self-Direction (Schwartz Value)

Prioritizes individual creativity, personal freedom, independence, deep curiosity, and choosing your own unique goals.

Universalism (Schwartz Value)

Focuses on broadmindedness, human wisdom, social justice, equality, peace, beauty, unity with nature, environmental protection, and internal harmony.

Benevolence (Schwartz Value)

Characterized by helpfulness, personal honesty, forgiveness, loyalty, responsibility, and deep friendship.

Tradition (Schwartz Value)

Emphasizes accepting one's designated portion in life, humility, devoutness, respect for cultural tradition, and behavioral moderation.

Conformity (Schwartz Value)

Centered on strict self-discipline and voluntary obedience to minimize disruption.

Security (Schwartz Value)

Focuses on cleanliness, family/national security, social order stability, favor reciprocation, physical health, and a sense of belonging.

Kofi Annan Paradigm

The assertion by the former UN Secretary-General that the principles of peace, freedom, social progress, equal rights, and human dignity remain fully valid today.

Millennium Declaration global values

Reaffirmed key global values essential to international relations: freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect for nature, and shared responsibility.

Happiness / Eudaimonia (Aristotelian Definition)

Living well or flourishing; a complete and sufficient good desired strictly for its own sake that satisfies desires, lacks evil, and remains perfectly stable.

Peace

A state of calm and complete freedom from external disturbance or conflict where people or groups live in harmony.

Freedom

The state of being free or at liberty, maintaining freedom from control, arbitrary interference, obligation, restriction, or hampering conditions.

Safety

The state of being safe, representing freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury, danger, or permanent loss.

Intelligence

The capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and grasping truths, relationships, facts, and hidden meanings.

Respect

A formal expression of greeting, esteem, or friendship requiring deference to a right, privilege, or someone considered to have certain rights.

Equality

The state or quality of being equal, representing a correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability.

Justice

Absolute moral fairness in treating people and making decisions equally and without bias.

Nature value

Actively protecting the environment by caring for land, water, air, plants, and animals to preserve ecosystems for future generations.

Health

Physical and mental well-being, free from illness and internal imbalance, allowing individuals to live productively.

Human dignity

A person's worth, behavior, and self-respect that earn the respect of others, shown through proper conduct, speech, and attitude.

Article II, Section 11 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

States that the State values human dignity and guarantees full respect for human rights.