STS_MIDTERMS

Scientia

What is the latin word that means “knowledge”

Techne

What is the Greek word that means "art, skill, or knowledge”

Society

What refers to an organized group of individuals who coexist in a shared environment, governed by rules, norms, and values?

Environmental impact

What challenges and ethical considerations focus on deforestation, pollution, and climate change?

Ethical dilemmas

What challenges and ethical considerations focus on questions about privacy, autonomy, and moral boundaries?

Equity and Access

What challenges and ethical consideration focuses on the widening gap between developed and developing nations?

Job displacement

What challenges/ethical considerations focus on the potential to replace human labor, creating economic instability for affected workers?

Science

What drives technology by providing knowledge and discoveries?

Ensuring their research aligns with ethical standards

What is the role that scientists and technologists have in society?

Advocate for policies that promote sustainable and ethical innovations

What is the reason why education in STS is important?

Hippocrates

He is regarded as the “Father of medicine”

Great wall of China

The man-made structure that defines the boundary of China from other countries and their structures can be seen from outerspace

Hieroglyphics

Egyptian system of writing

Ebers Papyrus

It is the oldest and most important medical document that provides valuable insights into the medical knowledge and practices of the ancient Egypt

Euclid

Who is called the “Father of Geometry?”

Antikythera Mechanism

It is consisted of a series of gears designed to predict astronomical events, including the position of the planets, lunar phases and solar eclipses. It is also considered of the world’s first analog computer.

Dmitri Mendeleev

He developed the periodic table organizing chemical elements by their properties

20th century (1900-2000)

This era saw the birth of Modern Physics and the development of the internet and the revolution

Isaac Newton

He introduced the laws of motion and universal gravitation, establishing the framework for classical mechanisms

Alexander Fleming

Who discovered penicillin in 1928, revolutionizing medicine saving millions of lives?

Francis Bacon

He developed the Scientific method that emphasized observation, experimentation, and empirical data

Early modern period (1500-1800)

This period marked the culmination of the Renaissance, and the rise of the Enlightenment thought, laying the foundation for the scientific revolution.

Historical Antecedents

Refer to the precursors that laid the foundation for the advancements of modern science and technology

Tigris and Euphrates

The civilizations of Ancient Mesopotamia grew up along the banks of the great rivers ____ and ____

Heavy plough

The invention that made farming and irrigation much more efficient

De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium

What was the title of the work of Copernicus that proposed the heliocentric model?

Johannes Kepler

He formulated the Laws of Planetary Motion which improved the heliocentric theory’s accuracy

1616

In what year did the church ban Copernicus’ work?

Aristotelian

What worldview dominated science for centuries, asserting that earth was the center of the universe?

Demonstrated how gravity governs planetary orbits

The Copernican Revolution’s impact and legacy are the following, except:

• Marked the beginning of humanity’s journey toward understanding its true place in the cosmos

• Demonstrated how gravity governs planetary orbits

• Laid the foundation for the scientific revolution by promoting observation and questioning dogma

• Inspired new methodologies, such as mathematical modeling and empirical testing

Inertia of tradition

The following are the reasons why Darwin’s Theory was initially rejected, except:

• Inertia of tradition

• Religious objections

• Scientific rivalries

• Lack of scientific evidence

Alfred Russel Wallace

He was known as the co-founder of the evolution by natural selection

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Who was Darwin’s scientific rival?

1831-1836

When did the HMS Beagle make the exploratory voyage?

Organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing these traits to the next generation

What does Darwin’s Theory of Evolution suggest?

Austrian

What was the nationality of Sigmund Freud?

Unconscious mind

It is the repository of repressed thoughts, desires, and memories from which much of human behavior stems from.

Introspection

The following are psychoanalytic techniques developed by Freud, except:

• defense mechanisms

• Introspection

• Free association

• Dream analysis

Ego

It is the rational self that operates according to reality principle.

Psychoanalysis

What school of thought did Freud establish?

The Philippines was a unified nation under a single ruler before Magellan’s arrival

Which of the following statements are NOT true about Pre-colonial Philippines?

They were built before the Spanish period, showcasing advanced engineering and sustainable irrigation

Which of the following best describes the Banaue Rice terraces?

Babaylan served as healers, using herbal remedies and spiritual rituals for treating illnesses

Which of the following statements about Pre-colonial Filipino Medicine is true?

They were used for trade, fishing, and exploration

What was the primary purpose of Banglay Boats in Pre-colonial Philippines?

To treat Spanish soldiers and government officials

What was the primary purpose of Hospital Real de Manila, founded in 1577?

San Lazaro Hospital

Which Spanish-era hospital was primarily established to treat Leprosy

University of Santo Tomas

Which is the oldest existing university in the Philippines and Asia, founded in 1611?

To promote economic growth through agriculture, industry, and research

What was the main purpose of the Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country, established in 1781?

Botanical Garden (Jardin Botanico)

Which institution was established in 1858 to study and cultivate plant species for agricultural and medicinal purposes?

University of the Philippines

Which university, established in 1908, became the first state university of the Philippines?

Conducting research on tropical disease and public health

What was the primary focus of the Bureau of Government Laboratories, established in 1901?

To support and coordinate scientific research in the country

What was the purpose of of the National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP), established in 1933?

Fidel Ramos

Which Philippine president enacted the Magna Carta for Scientists, Engineers, and Researcher’s (RA 8439) to support professionals in science and technology?

Joseph Estrada

Which Philippine president sign the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA 8749) to promote environmental protection and sustainable development?

Diwata-1

Which technological achievement was launched during Benigno Aguino III’s presidency as part of the Philippine Space Technology Program

Rodrigo Duterte

Under which Philippine president was the Philippine Space Technology Program launched, leading to the development of satellites like Diwata-2?

Corazon Aquino

Which Philippine president formalized the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) through Executive Order No. 128 in 1987?

Gregorio Y. Zara

Who is the Filipino scientist known for inventing the videophone and pioneering research in aviation and aerodynamics?

Fe Del Mundo

Who among the following made significant advancements in pediatric medicine and developed the incubator for newborns?

Angel Alcala

Which scientist is recognized for his contributions to marine biodiversity conservation and the establishment of Marine Protected Areas in the Philippines?

True

True or False:

The United States Apollo II (1969) landed the first humans on the moon

True

True or False:

Vaccination programs eradicated diseases like smallpox and polio, significantly increasing global expectancy

False

True or False:

Johannes Kepler invented the printing press around 1440 CE, revolutionizing the distribution of knowledge by allowing books and manuscripts to be mass-produced

False

True or False:

The widespread use of watermills and windmills in Europe significantly increased agricultural deficiency

True

True or False:

The Copernican Revolution introduced the concept of Heliocentrism

True

True or False:

The development of mechanical clock paved the way for accurately keeping the track of time

False

True or False:

The Gregorian calendar was introduced under Julius Caesar in 46 BC, forming the foundation of the modern calendar

False

True or False:

Around 850 AD, Egyptian Alchemies accidentally invented the Black Powder or the Gunpowder

True

True or False;

the development of electronic computer in the 1940s and 1950s, including the ENIAC and the UNIVAC, marked the beginning of the digital age

True

True or False:

The intellectual movement known as Scholasticism emerged, which sought to reconcile faith and reason has played a key role in the development od the medieval universities and intellectual life

• Science drives technology by providing knowledge and discoveries that engineers and inventors apply to create new tools and systems.

• Technology influences science by offering advanced instruments, methods, and platforms to explore further scientific inquiries

• Society shapes and is shaped by science and technology through cultural, economic, and political factors. Social needs often inspire scientific research and technological innovation, while these advancements, in turn, redefine societal norms and lifestyles

How does the interplay between Science, technology, and society shape and influence eacb other?