COA Study

Oculoplastics is a specialty of ophthalmology which deals with __?

the cosmetics and function of the external structures of the eye

Ptosis is the ____?

drooping of the upper eyelids

A patient presents with dermatochalasis. Which surgery would correct this condition?

blepharoplasty

Enucleation is the removal of the entire contents of the eye leaving the sclera. True or False?

False

Which of the following answers provides the best explanation for why a patient would have an enucleation?

the patient had severe eye trauma

For what reason is the sclera left in place when an evisceration is performed?

improve cosmetics

How would you best explain a keratoplasty to a patient?

It is the transplant of new corneal tissue onto the eye.

A growth of new tissue over the cornea is called a ____?

pterygium

Which of the following procedures does not require a laser?

RK

Patients that have LASIK often suffer from what side effect?

dry eyes

If a patient has crossed eyes you would note that the patient has _____.

strabismus

The purpose of a resection is to shorten the length of the tendon which attaches to the eye.

False (the PURPOSE of a resection is to strengthen an eye muscle to correct strabismus)

A young patient suffers from severe esotropia in the right eye. Which muscle might the physician consider shortening?

lateral rectus

What patient complaints may be associated with cataracts?

glares and halos

A patient asks why they need a corneal topography before surgery. You answer:

The physician needs to know the curvature and shape of the eye.

Which instrument will give the most accurate assessment of what a patients vision will be after cataracts?

PAM

PAM is used to ___?

see what a patient’s vision would be without media opacities

BAT is used to ____?

test for glare

Patients with cataract often states that ______.

they have difficulty driving at night

Which patient would be a candidate for cataract surgery?

A patient who reads the 20/40 line then reads the 20/60 line after BAT

Glaucoma is ____.

death of the optic nerve

A patient has high eye pressure which was caused by getting hit in the eye with a baseball. Which type of glaucoma does this patient have?

Secondary glaucoma

A patient who received an iridotomy is being treated for ____.

narrow angle glaucoma

How does a trabeculectomy decrease intraocular pressure?

It increases aqueous outflow by the trabecular meshwork

A patient states during a postoperative exam that he has a gas bubble in his eye. What procedure did he have done?

Vitrectomy

The purpose of Anti-VEGF injections is to _____.

Both a and c

Diabetes may result in _____.

All of the above

The focal laser is used to treat _____.

macula edema

Which of these patients do not need safety glasses?

None of the above

How should a patient usually instill eye drops?

Looking up and instilling the drop in the lower lid

The purpose of a pressure patch is __________.

to keep the patient from opening the eye

The purpose of an eye shield is ______.

to protect the eye after surgery

The proper way to tape an eye shield on the eye is to tape from _______.

forehead to cheek

What is the correct way to guide a low vision patient?

have them hold your arm slightly above the elbow

A patient calls and complains of sudden flashes. How would you triage this patient?

Emergency

A patient comes into the clinic with vision which has decreased over the past year. How would you triage this patient?

Non-urgent

A patient comes into the clinic with undiagnosed open angle glaucoma. How would you triage this patient?

Semi-urgent

A patient comes into the clinic with blurry vision, redness, pain, and narrow angles. How would you triage this patient?

Emergency

A patient calls the clinic stating that he has a foreign body on the surface of his cornea. How would you triage this patient?

Urgent

A patient comes into the clinic with allergic conjunctivitis. How would you triage this patient?

Semi-urgent

A patient complains of having a sudden film over her vision. How would you triage this patient?

Emergency

Emergencies should be seen within ____ while urgent cases should be seen within ___.

minutes; hours

What is a normal blood pressure?

120/80

What is a normal breathing rate?

None of the above

What is a normal pulse?

all of the above

A patient tells you their blood sugar was 95 mg/dL and asks you if that is good. You realize that this patients blood sugar level is _____.

Very high

What does CPR stand for?

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

What does CAB stand for?

Compression, Airway, Breathing

What is the correct compression to breath ratio in adult patients?

30:2

If you don’t feel a pulse you should not perform CPR. True or False?

False

You have a patient with a mental disability. How would you collect the most accurate history?

Collect history only from the caretaker

The presenting complaint is the _____.

reason the patient is in the clinic

List the eight pieces of information required by CPT

Location, duration, context, modifying factors, quality, timing, severity, associated signs and symptoms

Modifying factors are questions about ____.

what makes the pain better or worse

What question would best answer information about severity?

How would you rate your pain on a scale of 1 to 10?

A symptom is _______.

what the patient experiences

A sign is _____.

what the physician sees

A patient states that they had laser surgery for the retina. What laser did that patient most likely have?

Thermal laser

A patient states that they had a laser clean their cataract lens. What surgery did that patient most likely have?

YAG

A patient had a laser surgery for glaucoma. What type of surgery did that patient have?

YAG

Asthma may be a contraindication for what type of medication?

Beta blockers

Knowledge about a patients past ocular history is important because _____.

it may help explain current symptoms

A 65 year old patient would like to be fitted for contact lenses. Which of the following would be the most pertinent question?

Do you currently wear contact lenses?

Which medical condition is most associated with dry eye?

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Plaquenil therapy may affect the _____.

Macula

What negative effect may be seen with patients taking steroids?

Elevated IOP

What is the medical use of aspirin?

Blood thinner

A patient taking a diuretic is being treated for ______.

high blood pressure

Which one of these medications contain sulfa?

diuretics

Flomax is a medication that is often a concern before cataract surgery because _____.

It makes the iris floppy

Which one of the following are familial?

Glaucoma and strabismus

A 40 year old patient is diabetic. Which of the following questions would be useful?

All of the above

A 52 year old patient states that she has asthma and has a family history of glaucoma. What would be the most useful questions to ask her?

Do you currently take beta blockers?

The ophthalmologist you work for likes to prescribe Diamox. What is one question you should ask patients before receiving this medication?

Are you allergic to sulfa?

As you shake a patients hand you notice a brown tint around the fingernails. What should you remember to ask this patient in the exam room?

Do you smoke?

What is one disadvantage to topical eye drops?

they dont have long contact times with the eyes

Where should eye drops be instilled?

The inferior fornix

A patient has a severe corneal abrasion. Which of the following would the physician most likely prescribe?

An ointment

A patient asks you if she should be worried that her vision gets blurry after putting ointment in her eyes. You reply, _____.

No, it is normal for your vision to get blurry after instilling the ointment.

A topical drop is consider contaminated when ______.

It touches the eyelashes

A topical drop is considered unsterile when _____.

It is opened

When instilling fluorescein, a patient with an infection blinks touching eyelashes to the tip of the dropper. What bacteria will most likely contaminate that fluorescein?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

When instilling fluorescein, the patient blinks touching eyelashes to the tip of the dropper. What should you do with the fluorescein?

Throw it away

You have a 9 year old male patient who is hesitant to have drops instilled. What is the best thing to do in this situation?

Tell the child that the drops will sting a little

Which of the following is a disadvantage of local injections?

they are invasive

With which of the following diseases would a patient need a systemic medication?

shingles

A patient comes from urgent care and states that he does not know what he was treated for, but he does know that the cap on his eye drop is tan. What was he most likely treated for?

Corneal ulcer

A patient comes from urgent care and states that he does not know what he was treated for, but he does know that the cap on his eye drop is pink. What was he most likely treated for?

Inflammation

A patient was in the clinic before, but he does not know what he was treated for, He does know that the cap on his eye drop is yellow. What was he most likely treated for?

Glaucoma

A patient was in the clinic before, but he does not know what he was treated for, He does know that the cap on his eye drop is dark blue. What was he most likely treated for?

Glaucoma

Why do physicians not allow patients to take topical anesthetics home with them?

they destroy the cornea

A patient does not want to be dilated because they did not bring someone to help them drive home. What would be the best response to this concern?

Dilation will not affect your distance vision

A patient asks what the side effects of dilation are. You respond, ______.

Your near vision will be a little blurry and you will be light sensitive

Which of these statements best describe the purpose of glaucoma drops

Glaucoma drops slow the onset of blindness.

Which of the following drops must be shaken?

Emulsion and suspension

A patient complains of having an allergic reaction to one of their medications. You ask the patient to describe the reaction. What would lead you to believe that the patient actually had an allergic reaction?

itch, redness, swelling

A patient received a chemical burn at work. The physician would most likely ask you to underline

Irrigate the eyes

Which of the following are not needed in calculating the IOL

eye pressure

The axial length is _____.

the distance from the tip of the cornea to the retina

Which of the following does not help assess anterior chamber depth?

sclera color