Blood, Heart, Lungs, and Digestion Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about blood, heart, lungs, and digestion.

What is the body's way of plugging a hole when you're bleeding?

Clotting

What are the cell pieces that rush to a cut and form a plug?

Platelets

What protein makes a net to trap cells and stop bleeding?

Fibrin

What does aspirin do to prevent clotting?

Stops platelets from sticking together

How does Warfarin (Coumadin) slow down clotting?

By blocking vitamin K

What type of medication is Heparin and how is it administered?

Fast-acting shot that keeps blood thin in hospitals

Which white blood cell shows up fast when you have a cut or infection and kills bacteria?

Neutrophils

Which white blood cells make antibodies and fight viruses?

Lymphocytes

Which white blood cells become big eaters (macrophages) and clean up messes?

Monocytes

Which white blood cells fight parasites and trigger allergies?

Eosinophils

Which white blood cells release histamine during allergies?

Basophils

What antigens and antibodies are present in Type A blood?

A antigens, anti-B antibodies

What antigens and antibodies are present in Type B blood?

B antigens, anti-A antibodies

What antigens and antibodies are present in Type AB blood?

A + B antigens, no antibodies

What blood type is considered the universal recipient?

Type AB

What antigens and antibodies are present in Type O blood?

No antigens, both antibodies

What blood type is considered the universal donor?

Type O

What does it mean if someone is Rh positive?

Has the Rh antigen

What does it mean if someone is Rh negative?

No Rh antigen

What is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?

When an Rh- mom has an Rh+ baby and doesn’t get a RhoGAM shot, baby’s blood gets attacked in second pregnancy

How does RhoGAM protect the baby?

By stopping mom from making antibodies

What is oxyhemoglobin?

When oxygen is attached to hemoglobin

What is carboxyhemoglobin and why is it dangerous?

Carbon monoxide attached to hemoglobin, it's super dangerous

What is EPO (Erythropoietin)?

Hormone from kidneys that tells bone marrow to make more red blood cells

What are reticulocytes?

Baby red blood cells (still maturing)

What is the first step in the blood pathway through the heart?

Deoxygenated blood from body goes to the Right Atrium

After the Right Atrium, where does the blood flow next?

Through Tricuspid Valve to the Right Ventricle

Where does blood flow after the Right Ventricle?

Out through the Pulmonary Valve to the Lungs to get oxygen

After oxygenation in the lungs, where does the blood flow?

Back to heart into Left Atrium

After the Left Atrium, where does the blood go?

Through Mitral Valve to the Left Ventricle

Finally, where does blood flow after the Left Ventricle?

Out through the Aortic Valve to the Body

Which heart valve is often messed up in IV drug users?

Tricuspid Valve

What can damage the Mitral Valve?

Rheumatic fever

Which heart valve gets worn down with age?

Aortic Valve

What is the Foramen Ovale?

A hole between atria in babies. Should close after birth.

What is the Ductus Arteriosus?

Connects pulmonary artery and aorta in womb. Should close.

What is Stroke Volume (SV)?

Amount of blood pumped out per beat

What is Cardiac Output (CO)?

SV x HR = blood pumped per minute

What is End Diastolic Volume (EDV)?

Blood in ventricle before it contracts

What is End Systolic Volume (ESV)?

Blood left after contraction

How does a weak heart contraction affect ESV?

More blood stays (↑ ESV)

How does a strong heart contraction affect ESV?

More blood leaves (↓ ESV)

What part of the brain controls the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Medulla

What is the function of the right and left coronary arteries?

Main blood supply of the heart

What two arteries does the left coronary artery split into?

LAD (Left Anterior Descending) and Circumflex

What causes the S1 heart sound ("lub")?

AV valves close (tricuspid & mitral)

What causes the S2 heart sound ("dub")?

Semilunar valves close (aortic & pulmonary)

What does the P wave represent on an ECG/EKG?

Atria contract

What does the QRS complex represent on an ECG/EKG?

Ventricles contract

What does the T wave represent on an ECG/EKG?

Ventricles relax