Chicano/a Movement Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and events related to the Chicano/a Movement, Ethnic Studies, and labor rights.

Why is identity important to the Chicano/a Movement?

It fosters cultural pride, unity, and political activism.

What is the difference between Chicano, Latino, and Hispanic?

Chicano: U.S.-born people of Mexican descent; Latino: People from Latin America, including Brazil; Hispanic: Spanish-speaking people, including Spain but excluding Brazil.

What does the "e" in Chicane represent?

It is gender-inclusive, representing non-binary and gender-expansive identities.

What is Chicano/a/e Studies?

An academic field analyzing the history, culture, and struggles of Chicano/a/e communities.

What led to the development of Ethnic Studies?

Civil Rights Movement, student protests (SF State & UC Berkeley strikes), and demands for representation.

Who led the fight for Ethnic Studies?

The Third World Liberation Front (TWLF), students of color, and community activists.

What is class struggle?

Conflict between workers and employers over power and wages.

What is a union?

A worker organization advocating for rights and better conditions.

What is a 'scab'?

A worker who replaces strikers, weakening the strike.

What is a strike?

Workers refusing to work to demand better conditions.

What is a boycott?

Refusing to buy/use products to protest against injustice.

What challenges do Chicana activists face in the labor movement?

They face sexism, racism, workplace abuse, and exclusion from leadership roles.

What struggles did Chicana workers advocate for?

Fair pay, safety, labor rights, low wages, unsafe conditions, discrimination, and lack of representation.

What were the voting rights of women in union meetings?

Often denied or limited, reinforcing male dominance in decision-making.

What did El Congreso focus on as a coalition?

Labor rights, civil rights, and immigrant protections.

What set El Congreso apart from other civil rights groups?

They included all Latin American immigrants, not just U.S.-born individuals.

Who was Luisa Moreno?

A Guatemalan labor organizer and civil rights activist.

How did Luisa Moreno get into activism?

She saw worker exploitation and fought for labor rights.

What is Luisa Moreno's legacy?

She helped organize Latinx workers and co-founded El Congreso.

What happened to Luisa Moreno due to her activism?

She was deported.

Who was Emma Tenayuca?

A labor leader and communist organizer.

What is Emma Tenayuca known for?

Leading the 1938 Pecan Sheller’s Strike in San Antonio.

What were the protestors advocating for during the Pecan Sheller’s Strike?

Higher wages and better working conditions.

What happened to Emma Tenayuca as a result of the pecan Shellers protest?

She was blacklisted and forced to leave San Antonio.

How did Cold War paranoia affect Chicano/a/e leaders?

Many were labeled communists, surveilled, or deported.

What is UCAPAWA-CIO?

A labor union organizing agricultural and cannery workers.

Who founded the United Farm Workers union?

Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta in 1962.

What did the UFW advocate for?

Fair wages, safe working conditions, and union rights for farmworkers.

What was Cesar Chavez’s philosophy on organizing?

Nonviolence, sacrifice, and community-based activism.

What must be sacrificed according to Chavez?

Personal comfort, economic security, and time for the greater cause.

What were some of the UFW’s organizing strategies?

Boycotts, hunger strikes, marches, and union contracts.

What campaigns did the UFW lead?

The Delano Grape Strike, lettuce boycotts, and national consumer boycotts.

What cross-cultural solidarity occurred during this time?

Support from Filipino, Black, and white allies in the labor movement.

Why was non-violence important in the farmworker’s movement?

It maintained moral authority and gained public sympathy.

What does institutional racism mean?

Systemic discrimination in laws, education, and policies that harm communities of color.

How does institutional racism impact students of color?

Unequal funding, low expectations, high dropout rates, and limited opportunities.

When were the East LA Blowouts?

March 1968.

When was the Chicano National Youth Conference?

1969.

When was the Chicano Moratorium?

August 29, 1970.

What was the significance of Aztlán to Chicanos?

It symbolized their ancestral homeland and cultural identity.

What was El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán inspired by?

Indigenous resistance and self-determination.

What is MEChA?

A student organization advocating for Chicano rights and education.

What was the goal of the Chicano Moratorium?

To protest the Vietnam War and its disproportionate impact on Chicano soldiers.

What did students do with their draft cards in protest?

Burned them.

Why did the Chicano community rally against the Vietnam War?

Disproportionate casualties, racism in the draft, and lack of opportunities at home.

What were students protesting for in the East LA Blowouts?

Better schools, bilingual education, more Chicano teachers, and an end to discrimination.

What was the response to the East LA Blowouts protest?

Police violence, arrests, and school board resistance.