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biological population growth
growth that based on fertility and mortality rate
mechanical population growth
growth of population that based on emigration and immigration
urbanisation
the growth of population in urban area that people moves from rural to cities
industrial use, commercial use, residential use
three types of urban facilities
factories, ware houses, infrastructures, transportation
4 examples of industrial use
businesses, shopping malls, offices, museums
4 examples of commercial use
mixed-use developments
combine between residential and commercial use
the urban heat island
temperature in cities is higher than that in the outskirts
concrete jungle
khoi rung bê tông
condos
căn hộ chung cư thuộc sở hữu cá nhân trong tòa nhà
warehouse
kho bãi/ nhà khô
exponential growth
growth of population in an ideal unlimited environment
logistic growth
in a limited resourcé and environment
metropolitan areas
mega cities
mega cities
metropolitan areas
massive conurbations
metropolises
metropolises
metropolitan areas
the emergence of large-scale slums and shanty towns
su xuất hiện của khu ổ chuột và thị trấn tồi tàn quy mô lớn
advantages of scale and proximity
lợi thế về sự quy mô và gần gũi
rural-to-urban migration
the continuous expansion of urban population
the continuous expansion of urban population
rural-to-urban migration
cluster
gather
the concentration of economic opportunities
the gathering of jobs/businesses/ wealth in one specific area
economic hubs
cac trung tam đầu mối
multinational corporations
các tập đoàn đa quốc gia
financial institutions
tổ chức đầu tư tài chính
rapidly expanding industries
các ngành công nghiệp mở rộng nhanh chóng
a rational strategy
một chiến lược có tư duy có lý trí
be largely attributed to
because of
serve as
function as
st represents st
cái gì đại diện cho cái gì
continuously attracting new waves of migrants
further accelerating the process of urbanization
the superior quality of
better-funded, more efficient, advanced
better-funded
more efficient, the superior quality, advanced
the superior quality of infrastructure and public service
chất lượng vượt trội của cơ sở hạ tầng và dịch vụ công cộng
advanced healthcare systems
hệ thống y tế tiến tiếsn
better-funded educational institutions
cơ sở giáo dục được đầu tư tốt hơnw
more efficient transport networks
mạng lưới giao thông hiệu quả hơn
better educational outcomes
kết quả giáo dục tốt hơn
improved access to specialised medical care
cải thiện khả năng tiếp cận dịch vụ chăm sóc y tế chuyên sâu
generally possess
nhìn chung sở hữu
transformative effect
tác động mang tính thay đổi sâu sắc
in pursuit of
để theo đuổi
remain comparatively limited
vẫn còn tương đối hận chế
be perceived as
được nhận thức là/được coi là
practical and necessary decision
quyết định thực tế và cần thiết
place immense pressure on
put strain on
put strain on
place immense pressure on
housing market
thi truong bat dong san
public infrastructure
hạ tầng đô thị
property price
rental cost
rental cost
property price
increase beyond the reach of lower-income residents
become unaffordable for low-icom people
likewise
similarly
public transport system
hệ thống giao thông công cộng
gradual deterioration in living standards
progressive declibe in quality of life
more critically
what is of greater concern
social concerns
pressing social issues
environmental sustainability
ecological viability
rise sharply
increase inevitably
increase inevitably
rise sharply
energy consumption
power usage
power usage
energy consumption
industrial production
manufacturing output
manufacturing output
industrial production
worsen air pollution
exacerbate air degradation
exacerbate air degradartion
worsen air pollution
greater green house gas emissions
lượng pháts thảri khí nhà kính lớn hơn
undermine the longterm sustainability of urban development
compromise the future viability of urban growth
compromise the future viability of urban growth
undermine the longterm sustainability of urban development
the depletion of natural resources
sự hao mòn của nguồn thiên nhiên
enabling so to do st
"Cái A tạo điều kiện/cho phép cái B làm việc C"
city dwellers
urban residents
urban residents
city dwellers
heavy traffic congestion
heavy traffic jam
industrial emissions
industrial discharge
healthcare provision
medical facilitaties
preventative healthcare services
preventative medicines, proactive health services
routine health screening program
chương trình kiểm soát sức khỏe định kì
treatment outcomes
kết quả điều trị
chronic helalth conditions
các bệnh mãn tính
respiratory disease
bệnh về đường hô hấp
cardiovascular problems
bệnh ve tim mach
strive for
aim for
detrimental to
harmful to
substantial investment
large investment
prolonged exposure
extended exposure