Punctuation Rules for Homogeneous Terms and Clause Structures

Flashcards on Russian punctuation rules covering homogeneous terms, combinations of adjectives and participles, and compound sentences with common secondary members.

Homogeneous Terms with Single Conjunction "and"

Joined without a comma in the format: homogeneous term and homogeneous term.

Homogeneous Terms with Adversative Conjunction "a"

Requires a comma before the conjunction in the format: homogeneous term, a homogeneous term.

Homogeneous Terms with Double Conjunction "как…, так и…"

Requires a comma before the second part of the conjunction in the format: as (like) homogeneous term, so too homogeneous term.

Homogeneous Terms with Repeating Conjunction "and"

Requires commas between terms when the conjunction repeats in the format: homogeneous term, and homogeneous term, and homogeneous term.

Adjective + Participle Sequence

A comma is required between an adjective and a following participle (Adjective + Participle).

Participle + Adjective Sequence

A comma is not required between a participle and a following adjective (Participle + Adjective).

Common Secondary Element Rule

Do not separate two sentence bases with a comma if there is a common secondary member at the beginning of the first simple sentence.