CSF Cells and Organelles

Exam 1

organelle

a compartment within a cell

cell theory

schwann 1839

1. all organisms consist of one or more cells

2. the cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms

virchow 1855

3. all cells arise only from preexisting cells

how did cells evolve?

1. abiotic (nonliving) synthesis of simple organic compounds

2. abiotic polymerization of these into macromolecules

3. emergence of a macromolecule capable of replication and storing genetic info (probably RNA)

4. encapsulation of the first living molecule within a

   simple membrane

stanley miller experiment

artificial abiotic synthesis of organic molecules

bacteria

single celled organism without a nucleus

archaea

single celled organism without a nucleus but does genetic transcription and translation like eukaryotes and has a different kind of cell wall

eukarya

membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, has exocytosis and endocytosis

surface area to volume ratio

smaller cells have greater surface area to volume ratio, which is important for membrane bound functions like transporting resources and signaling

microvilli

lots of microscopic membrane folding to increase surface area without increasing volume to maximize function

cytoplasmic streaming

active flow of the cytoplasm caused by motor proteins in large cells to speed up the movement of materials across the cell

rough ER

endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes for protein synthesis

smooth ER

endoplasmic reticulum for the synthesis of lipids