Sexual Reproduction

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the human reproductive system, sexual reproduction, menstruation, and related health issues.

What are the components of sexual reproduction in humans?

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of an egg (ovum) and sperm, resulting in a zygote with 46 chromosomes.

What is heredity in the context of sexual reproduction?

Heredity is the passing down of genetic material from one generation to the next, causing children to resemble their parents.

What is fertilization?

Fertilization is the process where the nucleus of a sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of an egg cell.

What are some physical changes that occur during puberty?

Physical changes include height and weight increase, hair growth, voice deepening in males, and breast development in females.

What are the male reproductive organs involved in fertilization?

The male reproductive organs include the testes (produce sperm), sperm duct, urethra, and penis.

What is the role of oviduct in the female reproductive system?

The oviduct is where fertilization takes place and the egg travels through after being released from the ovary.

What happens during the menstrual cycle if no fertilization occurs?

If no fertilization occurs, menstruation will happen, resulting in the shedding of the uterine lining.

What is a vasectomy?

A vasectomy is a permanent birth control method for males where the sperm ducts are cut and tied to prevent sperm release.

What are the effects of substance abuse during pregnancy?

Substance abuse can lead to premature birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues in the fetus.

What are some common sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Common STIs include syphilis, gonorrhea, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

What is In-vitro fertilization (IVF)?

IVF is a process where sperm and egg are mixed for fertilization outside the body, and the embryo is later implanted into the mother.

How can birth control methods prevent conception?

Birth control methods disrupt processes or functions in the reproductive system to prevent sperm from fertilizing the egg.

What is an embryo?

An embryo is the early stage of development after fertilization, when the zygote begins to divide and grow.

What is the role of the placenta during pregnancy?

The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus and removes waste products from fetal blood.

What are some methods of contraception?

Contraceptive methods include barrier methods (like condoms), hormonal methods (like the pill), and permanent methods (like sterilization).

What are the stages of pregnancy?

Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters: first trimester (weeks 1-12), second trimester (weeks 13-26), and third trimester (weeks 27-40).

What is genetic diversity and why is it important?

Genetic diversity refers to the variation in genes among individuals within a population, which enhances survival and adaptability.

What is the menstrual cycle?

The menstrual cycle is a monthly process in females involving the thickening of the uterine lining, ovulation, and menstruation if fertilization does not occur.