Orientation, Directional Terms, Anatomy Facts, and The Nursing Process

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering anatomical directional terms, human body statistics, hematology, the 5-step nursing process (ADPIE), SMART goal setting, and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Superior (cranial or cephalic)

The position is towards the head end or the upper part of a structure or the body; above.

Inferior (caudal)

The position is away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.

Anterior (ventral)

The position is toward or at the front of the body; in front of.

Posterior (dorsal)

The position is toward or at the backside of the body; behind.

Medial

The position is toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of.

Lateral

The position is away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.

Intermediate

The position is between a more medial and a more lateral structure.

Proximal

The position is close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.

Distal

The position is farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Superficial (external)

The position is toward or at the body surface.

Deep (internal)

The position is away from the body surface; more internal.

Number of Bones

$$206$$

Number of Muscles

$$639$$

Number of Kidneys

$$2$$

Number of Milk Teeth

$$20$$

Number of Ribs

$24$ ($12$ pairs)

Number of Heart Chambers

$$4$$

Largest Artery

Aorta

Normal Blood Pressure

$$120/80\,mmHg$$

Ph of Blood

$$7.4$$

Number of vertebrae in the Spine

$$33$$

Number of vertebrae in the Neck

$$7$$

Number of bones in Middle Ear

$$6$$

Number of bones in Face

$$24$$

Number of bones in Skull

$$22$$

Number of bones in Chest

$$25$$

Number of bones in Arms

$$6$$

Number of Muscles in Human Arm

$$72$$

Number of pumps in Heart

$$2$$

Largest Organ

Skin

Largest Gland

Liver

Biggest Cell

Female Ovum

Smallest Cell

Male Sperm

Smallest Bone

Stapes

First Transplanted Organ

Heart

Average length of Small Intestine

$$7\,m$$

Average length of Large Intestine

$$\approx 1.5\,m$$

Average weight of a New Born Baby

$$2.6\,kg$$

Pulse rate in One Minute

$72$ times

Normal Body Temperature

$37\,C$ ($98.4\,F$)

Average Blood Volume

$4$ to $5$ liters.

Life span of RBC

$120$ days

Life span of WBC

$10$ to $15$ days

Pregnancy Period

$280$ days ($40$ weeks)

Number of Bones in Human Foot

$$33$$

Number of Bones in Each Wrist

$$8$$

Number of Bones in Hand

$$27$$

Largest Endocrine Gland

Thyroid

Largest lymphatic Organ

Spleen

Largest part of Brain

Cerebrum

Largest and Strongest Bone

Femur

Smallest Muscle

Stapedius (Middle Ear)

Number of Chromosomes

$48$ ($23$ pair)

Number of bones in new born baby

$$306$$

Viscosity of Blood

$$4.5 - 5.5$$

Universal Blood donor group

O

Universal recipient blood group

AB

Largest WBC

Monocyte

Smallest WBC

Lymphocyte

Polycethemia

The term for an increase in RBC Count.

Blood bank in the body

RBC

RBC Production Site

Bone Marrow

River of life

Blood

Normal blood cholesterol level

$$250\,mg/dl$$

Fluid part of Blood

Plasma

Nursing Process

A systematic, deliberative and dynamic method of providing patient-centered care.

ADPIE

An acronym for the five steps of the Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

Assessment

The part of the ADPIE process where information is gathered about the patient's physical, emotional, mental, and social condition through interviews, observation, and medical history reviews.

Diagnosis

The part of the ADPIE process where collected data is analyzed to identify the patient's health problems or nursing needs.

Planning

The part of the ADPIE process where measurable goals are set and nursing interventions are decided to help the patient.

Implementation

The part of the ADPIE process where planned nursing interventions are carried out and the care provided is documented.

Evaluation

The part of the ADPIE process where it is determined whether goals were achieved and if the care plan needs changes.

Subjective Data

Data comprising the patient's feelings, emotions, and sensations (e.g., Dizziness).

Objective Data

Data that is observable and measurable (e.g., Vital signs).

Primary data

Data obtained directly from the patient.

Secondary data

Data obtained from family, medical records, or healthcare professionals.

SMART Acronym

A set of criteria for goal setting: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant/Realistic, and Time-Bound.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A motivational psychology theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in $1943$, framing human motivation around five levels of needs, often shown as a pyramid.

Abraham Harold Maslow

The American psychologist who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Physiological needs

Foundational needs in Maslow's hierarchy including Breathing, Food, Water, Shelter, Clothing, and Sleep.

Safety and Security

Needs in Maslow's hierarchy including Health, Employment, Property, Family, and Social Ability.

Love and Belonging

Needs in Maslow's hierarchy including Friendship, Family, Intimacy, and Sense of Connection.

Self Esteem

Needs in Maslow's hierarchy including Confidence, Achievement, Respect of Others, and the need to be a unique individual.

Self-actualization

The highest level of Maslow's hierarchy involving Morality, Creativity, Spontaneity, Acceptance, and experiencing purpose and inner potential.