BIOL1020 MOD4 WEEK 4

What is a normal hypothesis?

Evolution is happening:

1. Natural selection

2. Mutation in genes

3. Sexual selection

4. Gene flow

5. Genetic drift (small populations)

What is null Hypothesis

Evolution is NOT happening (also called Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium)

1. NO natural selection

2. NO mutations in genes

3. NO sexual selection

4. NO gene flow

5. NO genetic drift (huge population)

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium principle?

When mating is random, in a large population with no disruptive circumstances, the law predicts that both genotype and allele frequencies will remain constant because they are in equilibrium.

What are the two HWE equations?

Genotype frequencies -

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

P² = proportion of homozygous dominant individuals (AA)

2pq = proportion of heterozygous individuals (Aa)

Q² = proportion of homozygous recessive individuals (aa)

Allele Frequencies -

p + q = 1

P = total proportion of dominant alleles in population (AA and A)

Q = total proportion of recessive alleles in population (a and aa)