Year 8 Science 2025 - Microscopes and Cells

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to microscopes, cellular biology, and processes such as respiration and photosynthesis.

Microscope

used to magnify small objects, makes them visible.

Objective Lens

close to the specimen, produces first magnified image.

Coarse Adjustment Knob

A large knob, used to quickly bring the specimen into focus.

Fine Adjustment Knob

smaller knob, used for making fine adjustments to focus on a specimen.

Ocular Lens

Also known as the eyepiece, it is where you look into the microscope and typically magnifies 10X.

Diaphragm

A structure, controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen.

Total Magnification

multiplies the power of the eyepiece lens by the power of the objective lens.

Stage Clips

keeps the slide in place on the stage

Cell Membrane

A structure that controls the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains genetic material (DNA).

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance within the cell where chemical reactions occur.

Chloroplast

Organelles found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Vacuole

storage organelle in cells, holds multiple substances.

Mitochondrion

produces energy through respiration.

Stomata

Small openings on the surface of leaves that allow gas exchange.

Respiration

A chemical process where energy is released from glucose and used for cell processes.

Ecosystem

A community of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.

Photosynthesis

used by plants, converts light energy into glucose using sunlight, carbon dioxide, water.