Prehistory Art Vocabulary

Anthropomorphic

Often used in depicting deities, animals, or nature, allowing viewers to relate more personally to the subject. It can be found in various cultures' artworks, where the divine or natural world is represented in human-like forms and behaviors.

Cong

A type of ancient Chinese vessel, often used for ritual purposes, characterized by its square body, rounded corners, and a distinctive lid. Typically made of jade or bronze, it features intricate designs and symbolizes power and authority in ancient Chinese culture.

Henge

The type of structure typically characterized by large stones or wooden posts arranged in a circular formation. It serves as a significant archaeological site, often linked to astronomical alignments and ancient cultural practices. Examples include Stonehenge in England.

Lintel

A horizontal structural element that spans an opening, typically found above doors or windows. Often made of stone, wood, or metal, it supports the weight of the structure above while also serving decorative purposes in various architectural styles.

Megalith

A large stone used in prehistoric structures or monuments, often associated with ancient cultures. These structures typically served religious or ceremonial purposes and are characterized by their monumental scale and construction techniques.

Menhir

A large upright stone, often prehistoric, typically associated with ancient cultures. These stones are frequently found in alignments or circles and are thought to have been used for ritualistic or commemorative purposes.

Mortise-and-tendon

A joint technique used in woodworking and architecture where a projection (tenon) fits into a corresponding hole (mortise) to create a strong connection. This method is often seen in furniture and structural designs, emphasizing durability and stability.

Post-and-lintel

A structural system used in architecture, consisting of horizontal beams (lintels) supported by vertical posts. This design is commonly seen in ancient structures, allowing for the creation of doorways, windows, and open spaces. It emphasizes simplicity and stability, often associated with classical architecture.

Shamanism

A spiritual practice involving rituals and beliefs in the ability to connect with the spirit world. Practitioners, often called shamans, act as intermediaries, using trance states, drumming, and other techniques to heal, guide, or gain insight. This tradition is prevalent in various cultures, emphasizing the interconnectedness of nature, spirits, and humans.

Stele

A stone or wooden slab, often taller than it is wide, that is typically used to commemorate an event, mark a grave, or convey important information.

Stylized

A technique where forms, colors, and shapes are simplified or exaggerated, often to convey a specific message or aesthetic rather than to represent reality accurately.