The End of Bipolarity

When was the USSR founded?

1917

What were main engines of change?

FDI and Free trade

What did Yugoslavia break into?

Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Severe conflict

Ethnic serbs opposed this

What followed the inter-ethnic civil war of Yugoslavia?

NATO Intervention and bombing of Yugoslavia

Who are popular in Russia?

Raj Kapoor and Amitabh Bachan

Who is Mohammed Sharif Pat?

Runs a shop selling Indian films

Who is the seconds largest arms market to Russia?

India

Where does India want oil from?

Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan

What did Russia give us?

Cryogenic rocket

What did the USSR help with?

Aid to steel plants of Bhilal, Bokaro and Visakhapatnam and machinery plants like Bharat Heavy Electrical. Accepted Indian currency when we were short

Supports in Kashmir issue. We also supported them

India have received most its hardware from Soviet Union

Hindi films and Indian culture were popular

Azerbaijan province that want independance

Nagorno-Karbakh

How many provinces want independance in Georgia?

2

What are near abroad states?

Central Asian States

What does China want with CIS?

Oil resources

Have begun to settle around the borders and conduct trade

How long did Turkemenistan and Uzebkistan appoint themselves?

10 years and extended 10 years

Oil producers

Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan

Who were the leaders of the Russia/USSR?

Vladmir Lenin (1917-24), Stalin (1924-53), Nikita Khrushchev (1953-64), Leonid Brezhnev (1964-82), Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-91), Boris Yeltsin (1991-1999)

Stalin - Rapid Industrialization, Forcible Collectivization of Agriculture, Soviet Victory WW2, Great Terror(1930s)

Nikita Khrushchev - Denounced Stalin, Reforms in 1956, Suggested Peaceful coexistence with the west. Suppressed rebellion in Hungary, Cuban Mission Crisis

Leonid Brezhnev - Proposed Asian Collective Security System, Suppressed rebellion in Czechoslovakia, Invaded Afghanistan. associated with the détente phase in relations with the US;

Mikhail Gorbachev - Introduced reform policies of perestroika and glasnost stopped, arms race, withdrew out of Afghanistan and eastern Europe, helped unify Germany, ended cold war

Boris Yeltsin - Was made mayor by Gorbachev, blamed for transition

What does Glasnost mean?

Openness

What does Perestroika mean?

Restructuring

When did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?

1979

When was Gorbachev made General Secretary?

1985

Main Cause for Soviet Union Collapse

internal weaknesses of Soviet political and economic institutions

What happened in 1991?

Coup and then Ukraine, Russia, Belarus declared disbandment. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania become UN members. Yeltsin becomes president

When did the Berlin Wall fall?

1989

When was the Duma Established? When did Lithuania and Russa declare independence?

1990

Tajikistan Civil War

10 years 2001

When was the Indo-Russia Strategic Agreement?

2001

What was known as the second world?

Communist bloc

What was the soviet system?

Socialist

No opposition

Economy was planned

Who led the Socialist/Bolshevik revolution?

Vladmir Lenin

What was the first world?

Capitalist

What was the third world?

Nonaligned movement

What were the greatest economies?

US>Soviet>Rest of the world

What were some features of the Soviet Union?

Had complex communication network

Had vast energy resources

Had domestic industry

Quality was worse than western economies

Industry produced everything

Minimum standard of living

Has subsidies

State ownership was dominant

Productive assets were controlled by state

No unemployment

Matched US in arms

What were the problems with the Soviet system?

Very bureaucratic and authoritarian

Lack of democracy

No freedom of speech

Party had control over everything

Unaccountable to people

Russia dominated everything (Moscow power center)

Did not listen to fifteen republics felt neglected and suppressed

productivity and technology fell considerably behind that of the West

Shortage in all consumer goods

Food imports were needed

lagged behind the West in technology, infrastructure

Lagged in fulfilling the political or economic aspirations of citizens.

How many republics were there in the USSR?

15

When did the Soviet economy start to become stagnant?

1970s

Why did the USSR fail?

Reform led to revolution in Eastern European state which were not suppressed

Ordinary citizens were more knowledgeable

Corruption

Economic burden

Spending on military

Communist party leaders did not want reforms

Doubts

Economic Stagnation

Consumer shortages

Aspirations were not met

What are satellite state?

Not part of USSR but influenced by

Who wanted to stay in the USSR?

Central Asian Republics

Who disbanded the USSR?

December 1991

Belarus, Russia and Ukraine

What did USSR become?

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

What was India’s relation with post-communist countries?

Cordial relationship

Strongest with China

Second largest arms market for Russia

Which country was the only nuclear state of the post Soviet space?

Russia

How many central asian states were there?

5

Percentage of Russia Industry that fell following shock therapy?

90%

When did the post-soviet economies start reviving?

2000s

Because of export of natural resources such as oil, natural gas an minerlas

Russia’s bombing of who led to Human Right Violations?

Chechen rebels

What Russian republics had secessionist movements?

Chechnya and Dagestan

Who opposed 1991 coup by hardliners/ became first president?

Boris Yeltsin

Why did Central Asian Republic want to stay with USSR?

Desired to stay with the Soviet Federation

Which Baltic Republic was the first to declare independence in 1990 (March)?

Lithuania

Challenged Soviet Unity

When countries joined the UN in 1991?

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

How long did the Berlin Wall stand before its fall?

28 years

1961-1989

How did the people of Soviet Union express their dissent?

By making jokes and cartoons