HISTORY OF IMMUNOSERO

Who?: Cross immunity, injecting less harmful subtance (cowpox). FATHER OF IMMUNOLOGY.

Edward Jenner

Who?: Discovered SERUM antitoxins that neutralize toxins (development of blood serums for vaccinations against diphtheria and tetanus)

Emil von Behring

Who?: Cellular immunity in tuberculosis

Robert Koch

Who?: made a live, attenuated rabies vaccine, anthrax vaccine. Originated the procces of PASTEURIZATION. Pioneered the study of molecular assymetry.

Louis Pasteur

Who?: Noted for his phagocytic theory of immunity.

Elie metchnikoff

Who?: Worked on immunity - his contribution to the diphtheria antitoxin. Also discovered the first effective treatment for SYPHILIS

Paul Ehrlich

Who: Invented ANAPHYLAXIS to designate the sensitivity developed by an organism. Later he demonstrated the facts of passive anaphylaxis and in vitro

Charles Richet

Who: Responsible for developing COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST. Made possible early detection of many disease-causing bacteria in human and animals

Jules Bordet

Who: Discovered HUMAN BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.

Karl Landsteiner

Who: Demostrated acquired IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE

Frank Macfarlane Burnet

Who: Theory of acquired immunologic tolerance that paved the way for SUCCESSFUL ORGAN and TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION

Peter Medawar

Who: Research concerned discovery of the structure of ANTIBODY

Gerald Maurice Edelman

Who: Researched on determining the CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY. Using enzyme papain broke the bloods immunoglobulin into fragments, making them easier to study

Rodney Robert Porter

Who: Developed RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA) Technique

Rosalyn Sussman Yellow

Who: His work in mice lead to the discovery of HLA / MHC (major histocompatibility complex) in human analogous to the H-2 complex mice.

George Davis Snell

Who: Studied the genetics of immunological reactions, and showed that tissue transplant were much more likely to be successful when both donor and recipient shared the same HLA/MHC

Jean Dausset

Who: discovery of the MHC genes which encode cell surface protein molecules important for the immunne systems distinction between SELF and NONSELF

Baruj Benacerraf

Who: Development and control of the immune system (Immunoregulation) and the discovery of the principle for production of MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

Niels Kaj Jerne

Who: Worked on a technique to produce monoclonal antibodies

Georges J. F. Kohler

Who: Worked on HYBRIDOMA technique

Cesar Milstein

Who: Discovered the genetic mechanism that produces ANTIBODY DIVERSITY

Susumu Tanegawa

Who: Development of the cell and ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION. developed BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION as a treatment for leukemia

Edward Donnal Thomas

Who: Performed the first successful HUMAN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT on identical twins

Joseph Murray

Who: Described how the bodys immune cells protect against viruses. Discovered how CYTOTOXIC T CELLS recognize their target antigens in combination with major histocompatibility complex proteins

Peter Charles Doharty

Who: Discovered how the immune system (Cytotoxic T cells) recognize virus-infected cells

Rolf Zinkernagel

Who: Performed the fundamental work in the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus as the cause of AIDS

Francoise Barre Sinoussi

Who: Discovered the HIV

Luc Montagnier

Who: Awarded his second Lasker Award in 1986 for determining that the retrovirus now known as HIV-1 is the cause of AIDS. IN 1995, published his discovery that chemokines, a class of naturally occurring compounds, can BLOCK HIV and halt the progression of AIDS

Robert Gallo